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八种英语句子结构及例句_八种英语句子结构
tamoadmin 2024-08-24 人已围观
简介1.英语中什么是谓语、宾语、定语、补语等2.急求英语句子结构和语法,加举例3.英语的八大句型是哪些4.那位高手能详细告诉我英语的句子成分的区别和用法还有各个时态的区别和用法 大学英语必备八大语法写作结构 导语:在大学英语写作中,如何打造一篇高分文章,词汇多变且句型丰富是重点。前者比较容易做到,后者需要扎实的语法基础。接下来我为大家总结了丰富句子的八大语法结构,
1.英语中什么是谓语、宾语、定语、补语等
2.急求英语句子结构和语法,加举例
3.英语的八大句型是哪些
4.那位高手能详细告诉我英语的句子成分的区别和用法还有各个时态的区别和用法
大学英语必备八大语法写作结构
导语:在大学英语写作中,如何打造一篇高分文章,词汇多变且句型丰富是重点。前者比较容易做到,后者需要扎实的语法基础。接下来我为大家总结了丰富句子的八大语法结构,希望对各位同学有所帮助。
?1. 主动句变被动句
?英文多被动,汉语多主动?,还需要警惕名词与动词之间暗含的?主被动?关系。
Eg1: It is said that ?据说/相传
Eg2:I suggest that ? It is suggested that ?
Eg3:Effective measures should be taken before things get worse.表建议
Eg4: your prompt attention to my enquiry would be highly reciated. 表感激
Eg5:Students should study hard.
Students are expected / well-advised to study hard.
?2. 简单句变从句名词性从句,含主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种;定语从句;状语从句
A. 主语从句:
Eg1:What worries many parents is that Internet or computer games may impact kids? study.
Eg2:It is said that an emperor of ancient China discovered Tea 5,000 years ago. (it为形式主语;that从句为真正主语)
B.宾语从句:
Eg1:Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life is measured by how much they can borrow, not by how much they can earn.
Eg2: I am convinced that it is of great necessity for youngsters to study hard.
Eg3:明智的人不为别人的想法所影响。The sensible man is not influenced by what other people think.
C. 表语从句:
Eg1:That is why China is called the ?Kingdom of Bicycles?.
Eg3:In team games, practice is what improves our sense of cooperation.
D. 同位语从句
Eg1:(Martin Luther King) I he a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." (该句中a dream = that 从句,)
Eg2:Others hold the different idea that online shopping brings us some problems.
E. 含同位语句式
A.人 身份
Eg. I am convinced that ?
As a college student, I am convinced that ?
I, as a college student, am convinced that ?
B. 物 性质
Eg. A strong will brings us power ?
As a vital quality, a strong will brings us power?
A strong will, as a vital quality, brings us power?
插入语
Eg1:As I see, the causes of this phenomenon are diverse.
The causes of this phenomenon, as I see, are diverse.
Eg2:All of a sudden, the silence of the lake was broken by a scream.
The silence of the lake, all of a sudden, was broken by a scream.
Eg3:Even so, others hold a different view.
Others, even so, hold a different view.
Eg4:Like anything else, automobiles he more than one side. (汽车跟很多其他事物一样,具有两面性)
Automobiles, like anything else, he more than one side.
F. 定语从句:
步骤:1)先写出正确简单句,确定被修饰成分(中心名词)
2)在中心名词后加入定从,关系词who, whose, whom, where, which, when
Eg1:Taobao is a particularly popular website. ? Taobao is a particularly popular website, where/in which customers can purchase various goods.
Eg2:I will advice my foreign friend to visit Great Wall, where he or she can acquire knowledge of Chinese history.?
?3. it 句式A. 形式主语 it is +被动/形容词/名词+that从句/to do ?
Eg1:It is suggested/ well-advised / supposed / proposed that sb. should (not) do ?
Eg2:It is essential / necessary / advisable / convenient/ difficult/ hard/ comfortable for sb. (not) to do
Eg3:It is essential / necessary that sb. should (not) do ?
Eg4:It is useless/useful doing sth.
B. 形式宾语
Eg1:An increasing number of students find it difficult to spell common words correctly.
Eg2:An increasing number of parents find it hard to he opportunities to chat with kids, who spend too much time on computers.
Eg3:A host of youngsters find it rather boring and hard to understand literature.
?4. 强调句A. 强调谓语:
Eg1:I love you. /I do love you. / I did love you.
Eg2:Cell phone/ Internet/ computer brings us convenience.
Cell phone/ Internet/ computer does bring us convenience.
B. 强调句式:It is/was +被强调成分+that/who+句子其他成分。
步骤
a. 先写出正确的简单句、并列句或复合句,明确单句的各个成分。
b. 在被强调成分(除谓语和补语外)两边添加it is/was 和that/who, 其他成分不变,必要时调整顺序。
强调句式特征去掉it is/was?that/who结构,整个句子无冗余或成分残缺。
Eg1:My mother always encourages me not to lose heart when I he difficulties in study.
It is my mother who/that always encourages me not to lose heart when I he difficulties in study.
It is when I he difficulties in study that my mother always encourages me not to lose heart.
Eg2:Parents? protection does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.
(强调句式否定形式)It is parents? protection that does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.
Eg3:The Internet does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.
It is the Internet that does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.
?5. 倒装A. 表否定的副词、短语或状语位于主语之前或句首,主句半倒装(一般疑问句语序);如never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, little, on no account, by mo means, in no case,
Eg1:I will never agree. Never will I agree.
B. Only +状语位于句首,主句半倒装。
Eg1:When my beloved is beside myself, I can feel the true hiness.
Only when my beloved is beside myself, can I feel the true hiness.
Eg2:When his computer crashes, he will come down-stairs for something to eat.
Only when his computer crashes, will he come down-stairs for something to eat.
Eg3:By doing small things, agers can accumulate ability and experience for something big.
Only doing small thing, can agers accumulate ability and experience for something big.
C.As/though倒装形式
Eg1:Although she is a girl, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.
Girl as she is, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.
Eg2:Though it is convenient, online shopping leads to some problems.
Convenient as/though it is, online shopping leads to some problems.
Eg3:Although it is simple, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.
Simple as it is, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.
?6.双重否定Eg1:no ____ is / are more _____ than ________.
In contemporary society, no means of communication is more popular and common than cell phones.
Eg2:A strong will is very important.
The importance of a strong will cannot be too emphasized.
Eg3:Education helps people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.
Without education, it is impossible for people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.
?7. Ving/ved 状语A. 两个动作同时发生且主语一致,将次要动作写成v-ing或v-ed形式做状语,即动作与逻辑主语之间为主动关系时写成v-ing形式、为被动关系是写成V-ed形式。
Eg1:I climbed the stairs. I took a suitcase.
I climbed the stairs, taking a suitcase.
Climbing the stairs, I took a suitcase.
Eg2:When they are compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.
Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.
Bicycles, compared with cars, are superior in several ways.
B.两个动作主语一致,但前后发生,则可将先发生的.动作写成Hing +ved形式。
Eg1:He had lived in this city for years. He had no difficulty finding the way home.
Hing lived in this city for years, he had no difficulty finding the way home.
?8. 排比结构Eg1:Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability. (Bacon)
Eg2:We shall fight on the hills. We shall fight in the streets. We shall fight blood and sweet and tears. (Churchill)
Eg3:作为一种重要素质,自信带给我们力量、唤起我们对生活的热爱、帮助我们战胜困难。
As a vital quality, confidence brings us power, arouses our enthusiasm for life, and helps us to conquer difficulties.
大学英语中应用文写作,通过模板句型,经典的例句完全可以得到比较理想的分数,因为?言简意赅?就是它的特点。而大作文对于语言表达上的要求要高几个level,只是模式化的文字已经不足以打动老师,需要在原有的结构上进一步创新,让老师看的跌宕起伏,还是昏昏欲睡才是高低分的关键所在。
;英语中什么是谓语、宾语、定语、补语等
一、英语语句基本结构分析:
>> 主谓宾结构:
主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!
谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.
宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等
例:The boy needs a pen.主语the boy,谓语needs(need的第三人称单数形式),宾语a pen.
>> 主系表结构:
主语:同‘主谓宾’结构。
联系动词(Link verb):be动词(am,is,are,was,were,he been);其他联系动词如:become成为,turn变成,go变。其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系,表语多为形容词或副词,既,不可能是宾语。
表语:说明主语的状态、性质、等。可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。当联系动词不是be,而其后是名词和代词时,多表达‘转变为’之意,注意与动宾关系的区别。
感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻
例:Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩)/主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is,表语为a boy
>> There be 结构:
There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。
此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’
试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。
二、定语:定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。 返回
定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如:something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
形容词作定语:
The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy;blue修饰名词pen.)/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。
Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。
There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。
数词作定语相当于形容词:
Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。
The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。
There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。
代词或名词所有格作定语:
His boy needs Tom's pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。
His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。
There are two boys of Toms there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。
介词短语作定语:
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。
The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。
There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩。
名词作定语:
The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。
It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。
There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。
副词作定语:
The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。
The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。
不定式作定语:
The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。
The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。
There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做。
分词(短语)作定语:
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。
The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。
There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。
定语从句:
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。
The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。
There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个。
三、状语:状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。 返回
状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。
有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义,应注意,如:The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘(此时in the classroom为girl的定语),也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’(此时in the classroom为地点状语),最好写作‘In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.'
副词(短语)作状语:
The boy needs a pen very much./男孩非常需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)
The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。(宾语较长则状语前置)
The boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)
The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。(时间状语)
介词短语作状语:
In the classroom,the boy needs a pen./在教室里,男孩需要一支钢笔。(地点状语)
Before his mother,Tom is always a boy./在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)
On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)
分词(短语)作状语:
He sits there,asking for a pen./他坐在那儿要一支笔。(表示伴随状态)
Hing to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen./因为不得不完成作业,男孩需要一支笔。(原因状语)
Frightened,he sits there soundlessly./(因为)受了惊吓,他无声地坐在那儿。(原因状语)
不定式作状语:
The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。(目的状语)
To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣.
名词作状语:
Come this way!/走这条路!(方向状语)
状语从句:
时间状语从句
地点状语从句
原因状语从句
结果状语从句
目的状语从句
比较状语从句
让步状语从句
条件状语从句
四、直接宾语和间接宾语: 返回
>>>特殊的同源宾语现象: fight a fight , dream a dream , etc.
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give给,pass递,bring带,show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。
一般的顺序为:动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。如:Give me a cup of tea,please.
强调间接宾语顺序为:动词 + 直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语。如:Show this house to Mr.Smith.
若直接宾语为人称代词:动词+ 代词直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语。如:Bring it to me,please.
五、宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。 返回
名词/代词宾格 + 名词
The war made him a soldier./战争使他成为一名战士.
名词/代词宾格 + 形容词
New methods make the job easy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松.
名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语
I often find him at work./我经常发现他在工作.
名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式
The teacher ask the students to close the windows./老师让学生们关上窗户.
名词/代词宾格 + 分词
I saw a cat running across the road./我看见一只猫跑过了马路.
六、同位语: 返回
同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语。如:
We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语,都是指同一批‘学生’)
We all are students. / (all是we的同位语,都指同样的‘我们’)
七、独立成分:有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分,称为句子独立成分(注意:区别于分词独立结构)。 返回
感叹词:oh,hello,aha,ah,等。
肯定词yes
否定词no
称呼语:称呼人的用语。
插入语:一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。
如: The story,I think,has never come to the end./我相信,这个故事还远没结束.
情态词,表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状语):perhaps也许,maybe大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然,等。
八、分词独立结构:分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词独立结构。 返回
例:
错句:Studying hard,your score will go up.
正确:(1) Studying hard,you can make your score go up. 或 (2)If you study hard,your score will go up.
解析:错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语,则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,既your score . 显然做study的应是人,不应是your score(分数). 正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致( 同为you );正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了).
分词独立结构常省略being,hing been.不过‘There being...’的场合不能省略.
如:
Game (being) over,he went home.
He stands there,book (being) in hand.
独立结构还可用with、without引导,作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词,还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。
如:
With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon./无事可做,他很快就睡着了。
The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose./老师进来了,戴着一付眼镜。(注意,此句on his nose不可省略!)
急求英语句子结构和语法,加举例
由不同词类的单词,按照一定的语法规则组合在一起,能表达一个完整意思的语言单位叫做句子。一个句子由各个功能不同的部分构成,这些部分叫做句子成分(members of the sentence)。英语的句子成分有八种:主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。现分述如下:
(一) 主语:
I)意义上的主语:
就语法的立场而言:唯有谓语动词才有主语,至于由动词所形成的动状词(不定式、分词、动名词)虽仍有动词的性质,但已失去动词的功能,所以没有主语;可是就意义的立场而言:动状词所表示的动作应当有所归属,亦即应该有主语,这种主语不是语法上的主语,而称为意义上的主语。如:(1)His father wished him to go abroad for further study. (他的父亲希望他出国深造。)
就语法的立场而言,“他”(him)是做及物动词“希望”(wished)的宾语;可是“谁”出国 深造(to go abroad for further study)呢?“他”(him)。所以就意义的立场而言,him是不定式to go abroad for further study的主语。(2)Spring hing come, it is getting warmer and warmer. (春天到了,天气越来越暖和了。)
“谁”已经到了(hing come)?“春天”(spring);所以spring是分词hing come的意义上的主语。(3)The cause of his coming is a secret. (他来的原因是个秘密。)动名词coming(来)在语法上不可能有主语(因为它不是动词),可是“谁”来?“他”来。“他”在意义上应该是“来”(coming)的主语。
(注)动名词意义上的主语是代词而且没有做主语或宾语时,应该用所有格(修饰该动名词),所以本句里 的his不可改作he或him 。
(比较)
①a.He wants to get up early tomorrow morning. (他明天一清早就要起床。)
本句里的不定式to get up的意义上的主语是He(他起床)。
b.He wants me to get up early tomorrow morning.
(他要我明天一清早就起床。)
本句里的不定式to get up的意义上的主语是me(我起床);因为在语法上做wants的宾语,所以用宾格。
②
a.He insisted on going there.
(他坚持〔他自己〕要到那里去。)
本句里 的动名词going的意义上的主语是He(他去)。
b.He insisted on my going there.
(他坚持要我到那里 去。)
本句里的动名词 going 的意义上的主语是“我”(我去);但在语法上是做形容词修饰 going, 所以用所有格 my。
II)主语的形式(Forms)
名词和人称代词是最常见的主语的形式,此外尚有其他多种形式。兹分述如下:
1.名词(Noun):
(1)Money is the most important thing in life, you think. (金钱是生命中最重要的,你认为。)
(2)The new of his death ge me a considerable shock. (他的死讯使我非常震惊。)
2.代词(Pronoun):
(1)He sat back to back with a girl. (他和一位**背靠背坐着。)
(2)Do you know who wrote this book?(你知不知道谁写了这本书?)
3.the+形容词(Adjective):
(1)The rich are not always hier than the poor. (有钱的人不一定比穷人更快乐。)
the rich=rich people(有钱的人)
the poor=poor people(贫穷的人)
(2)The beautiful is not always the good. (美未必是善。)
the beautiful=beauty(美)
the good=goodness(善)
4.the+分词(Participle):
(1)The killed and the dying lay on the battlefield .
(死者和垂死者横卧沙场。)
(2)The wounded were abandoned, as the enemy's fire made it impossible to reach them.
(伤者被丢弃了,因为敌人的炮火而无法到达他们那里。)
5.不定式(Infinitive):
(1)To compromise ears advisable. (相互妥协似乎是明智的。)
(2)To see you is always a great pleasure. (看见你总是一大乐事。)
本句里的you不是主语,是做不定式To see(本句主语)的宾语。
6.动名词(Gerund):
(1)Swimming is good for health. (游泳有益于健康。)
(2)Reading English is easier than speaking it. (读英文比讲英文容易。)
句中的English不是主语,是做动名词Reading(主语)的宾语。
7.介词短语(Prepositional Phrase):
(1)From eight to twelve is my busiest time. (从八点到十二点是我最忙的时间。)
(2)From Shanghai to Nanjing is about 300 kilometers. (从上海到南京大约300公里。)
8.疑问词+不定式(Interrogative+Infinitive)—— 等于名词短语(Noun Phrase)。
(1)What to do with the money was the greatest question. (=What should be done with the money was the greatest question.)(用这笔钱做什么是最大问题。)
(2)When to start remains undecided. (=When we are to start re mains undecided.)
(何时起程依然没有决定。)
9.名词从句(Noun Clause):
(1)That he is honest is undeniable.(他诚实是无可否认的。)
(2)Whether he is rich or poor makes no difference to me. (他是富有还是贫穷对我来说都一样。)
主语(subject)是句子所要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体。主语的位置通常在句首,一般不省略。可以担当主语的有名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词和主语从句。例如:
Walls he ears.
隔墙有耳。(名词做主语)
He will take you to the hospital.
他会带你去医院。(代词做主语)
Three plus four equals seven.
三加四等于七。(数词做主语)
To see is to believe.
眼见为实。(动词不定式做主语)
Smoking is not allowed in public places.
公共场所不允许吸烟。(动名词做主语)
Whether or not they will come depends on the weather.
他们来不来取决与天气。(从句做主语)
(二)谓语动词
谓语动词(predicate verb)是说明主语的动作或状态的句子成分。谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。谓语动词由实义动词或系动词担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。例如:
Action speaks louder than words.
百说不如一干。
The chance may never come again.
这样的机会恐怕不会再来。
Tom was very sick at heart.
汤姆心里非常难过。
Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994.
自1994年以来,玛丽一直在那家服装店工作。
(三)表语
表语(predicative)是用来说明主语的身份、特征和状态的,它的位置在系动词之后。可作表语的有名词、代词、形容词与分词、数词、动词不定式、介词短语、副词以及表语从句等。例如:
My father is a professor.
我父亲是一位教授。(名词作表语)
Who's that? It's me.
是谁呀?是我。(代词作表语)
Everything here is dear to her.
这里的一切她都感到亲切。(形容词作表语)
The match became very exciting.
比赛变得很紧张。(分词作表语)
The story of my life may be of help to others.
我的生活经历对别人可能有帮助。(介词短语作表语)
Three times five is fif.
三乘五等于十五。(数词作表语)
His plan is to seek work in the city.
他的是在城里找工作。(动词不等式作表语)
My first idea was that you should hide your feelings.
我最初的想法是你应当掩饰你的感情。(从句作表语)
(四)宾语
宾语(object)表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在及物动词之后。英语介词后也会跟宾语。可作宾语的有名词、数词、代词、动名词等。不定式也可作及物动词的宾语。例如:
she covered her face with her hands.
她用双手蒙住脸。(名词短语作宾语)
We hen't seen her for a long time.
我们好长时间没看到她了。(代词作宾语)
Do you mind opening the window?
打开窗户你介意吗?(动名词作宾语)
Give me four please.
请给我四个。(数词作宾语)
He wants to dream a nice dream.
他想做一个好梦。(动词不定式短语作宾语)
We need to know what others are doing.
我们需要了解其他人都在干什么。(从句作宾语)
I lived in Japan in 1986.
我1986 年住在日本。(名词和数词作介词的宾语)
(五)定语
定语(attribute)是修饰名词或代词的词、短语或句子。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之前;短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之后。作定语的有名词、形容词、数词、分词及其短语、不等式及其短语、介词短语以及定语从句等。例如:
They are woman workers.
她们是女工。(名词作定语)
Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday.
汤姆的父亲直到昨天才给家里写信。(所有格名词作定语)
Equal pay for equal work should be introduced.
应当实行同工同酬。(形容词作定语)
The play has three acts.
这出戏有三幕。(数词作定语)
This is her first trip to Europe.
这是她首次欧洲之行。(代词、数词和介词短语作定语)
China is a developing country.
中国是一个发展中国家。(分词作定语)
You hen't kept your promise to write us often.
你没有遵守给我们经常写信的诺言。(动词不定式短语作定语)
My cat has a good nose for milk.
我的猫对牛奶嗅觉灵敏。(介词短语作定语)
Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here.
想去西藏的人须在此签名。(从句作定语)
(六)状语
状语(adverbial)是修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分。状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。作状语的有副词、名词、介词短语、分词及其短语、动词不定式及其短语、状语从句等。例如:
These products are selling quickly.
这些产品现在十分畅销。(副词作状语)
He is knee deep in snow.
他踩在齐膝深的雪里。(名词作状语)
The best fish swim near the bottom.
好鱼居水底。(有价值的东西不能轻易得到。)(介词短语作状语)
She sat there doing nothing.
她坐在那里无所事事。(分词短语作状语)
We'll send a car over to fetch you.
我们将派一辆车去接你。(动词不定式短语作状语)
She was slow to make up her mind.
她迟迟不能下决心。(动词不定式短语作状语)
Strike while the iron is hot.
趁热打铁。(从句作状语)
There is no such a word in English so far as I know.
据我所知,英语里没有这样一个词。(从句作状语)
(七)宾语补足语和主语补足语
英语有些及物动词,除了要有宾语之外,还要加上宾语补足语(object complement),才能使句子的意义完整。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。如果上述结构变成被动语态,原宾语成为主语,原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语(subject complement)。可以担当补足语的有名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词等。例如:
They elected me captain of the team.
他们选我当队长。(名词短语作宾语补足语)
He made me ashamed of myself.
他使我感到惭愧。(形容词短语作宾语补足语)
We found everything there in good order.
我们发现那里的一切井井有条。(介词短语作宾语补足语)
I should advise you not to miss the chance.
我劝你不要错过机会。(不定式短语作宾语补足语)
I could feel my heart beating fast.
我可以感觉出自己的心跳得很快。(分词短语作宾语补足语)
Some goods are left unsold.
有些货物剩下未出售。(分词做主语补足语)
She was elected director of public relations.
她被选为公关部主任。(名词短语做主语补足语)
参考资料:
英语的八大句型是哪些
一.主语:主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme), 是句子所述说的主体。它的位置一般在一句之首。可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。
1.名词作主语。 如:A tree has fallen across the road. (一棵树倒下横在路上。)
Little streams feed big rivers. ( 小河流入大江。)
2.代词用作主语。如:You’re not far wrong. (你差不多对了)。
He told a joke but it fell flat. (他说了个笑话,但没有引人发笑
3.数词用作主语。如:Three is enough. 三个就够了。
Four from seven lees three. 7减4余3。
4.名词化的形容词用作主语。
The idle are forced to work. 懒汉被迫劳动。
Old and young marched side by side. 老少并肩而行。
5.副词用作主语。如:Now is the time. 现在是时候了。
Carefully does it. 小心就行。
6.名词化的介词作主语。如:The ups and downs of life must be taken as they come.
我们必须承受人生之沉浮。
7.不定式用作主语。 如:To find your way can be a problem.你能否找到路可能是一个问题。
It would be nice to see him again.
如能见到他,那将是一件愉快的事。
8. 动名词用作主语。如:Smoking is bad for you. 吸烟对你有害。
Watching a film is pleasure, making one is hard work.
看**是乐事, 制作影片则是苦事。
9. 名词化的过去分词用作主语。如:The disabled are to receive more money.
残疾人将得到更多的救济金。
The deceased died of old age.
死者死于年老。
10. 介词短语用作主语。如:To Beijing is not very far. 到北京不很远。From Yenan to Nanniwan was a three-hour ride on horseback.
从延安到南泥湾要三个小时。
11.从句用作主语。如: Whenever you are ready will be fine.
你无论什么时候准备好都行。
Because Sally wants to lee doesn’t mean that we he to.
不能说萨利要走因而我们也得走。
12.句子用作主语。如:”How do you do ?” is a greeting.“你好”是一句问候语。
二.谓语
谓语(predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主语之后。谓语由简单动词或动词短语(助动词或情态动词+主要动词)构成。
1.由简单的动词构成。
(1). What hened? 发生了什么事?
(2). He worked hard all day today. 他今天苦干了一天。
(3). The plane took off at ten o’clock. 飞机是十点起飞的。
2.由动词短语构成的谓语。
(1). I am reading. 我在看书。
(2). What’s been keeping you all this time? 这半天你在干什么来着?
(3). You can do it if you try hard. 你努力就可以做到。
3.英语常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语动词,表生动。这种动作名词之前常用没有多大意义的动词he, get, take, give 等。如:
(1). I had a swim yesterday. 我昨天游了一次水(had a swim 代替了swam)
(2). Take a look at that! 你看看那个!(take a look 代替了 look)
(3). He ge a sigh. 他叹了口气。(ge a sigh 代替了sighed)
(4). I got a good shake-up.我受到了很大的震动。(a good shake-up 代替了was shaken up thoroughly(充分,彻底的))
三.表语
表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。它也可以说是一种主语补语。它位于联系动词之后,与之构成所谓的系表结构。在系表结构钟,联系动词只是形式上的谓语,二真正起谓语作用的则是表语。可以作表语的词有:名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句等。
1.The wedding was that Sunday. 婚礼是在那个星期天举行的。(名词)
2.So that’s that. 就是这样。(代词)
3.We are seven. 我们一共7人。(数词)
4.Are you busy? 你有空吗?(形容词)
5.Are you there? 你在听吗?(电话用语)(副词)
Is anybody in? 里面有人吗? (副词)
6.All I could do was to wait. 我只能等待。(不定式)
My answer to his threat(威胁) was to hit him on the nose.
我对他的威胁的回答是照他的鼻子打去。(不定式)
7.Complimenting(赞美,祝贺) is lying. 恭维就是说谎。(动名词)
Is that asking so much? 这是要的高了吗?(动名词)
8.I was so much surprised at it. 我对此事感到很惊讶。(过分)
I’m very pleased with what he has done. 我对他所做的很满意。(过分)
9.She is in good health. 她很健康。(介词短语)
The show is from seven till ten. 演出时间为7点至10点。(介词短语)
10.Is that why you were angry? 这就是你发怒的原因吗?(从句)
11.This is where I first met her. 这就是我初次与她会面的地方。(从句)
补充:
能做系动词的实义动词:
come , go , run, turn ,get , become , keep , stay , make (表变化的动词)
fell,sound ,smell , look , taste (感观动词)
seem, ear (似乎,好像)
例如:
1.Our dream has come true. 我的梦想实现了。(Come后常加 easy ,loose natural 等)
2. He fell sick. 他病了。
Keep fit.保重。
Keep作为系动词还常接quiet ,calm ,cool, well, warm ,silent,clean,dry
3.The well ran dry. 这口井干枯了。(short , loose , wild , cold 等)
4.A thin person always seems to be taller than he really is.
一个瘦个子似乎比他的实际高度要高些。
四.宾语
宾语(object)在句中主要充当动作的承受者,因此一般皆置于及物动词之后。如:
Our team beat all the others. 我们的球队打败了所有其他球队。
可以用作宾语的有:名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、名词化的分词、从句等。
1.Do you fancy a drink? 你想喝一杯吗?(名词)
2.They won’t hurt us. 他们不会伤害我们。(代词)
3.If you add 5 to 5, you get 10. 5加5等于10。(数词)。
4.I shall do my possible. 我将尽力而为。(名词化形容词)
5.He left there last week. 他上个星期离开了那里。(副词)
6.Does she really mean to lee home? 她真的要离开家吗?(不定式)
7.He never did the unexpected(想不到的,意外的).
他从不做使人感到意外的事。(名词化的分词)
8.Do you understand what I mean? 你明白我的意思吗?(从句)
扩展:
宾语中有些动词需要两个同等的宾语,即直接宾语(direct object)与间接宾语(indirect object)。直接宾语一般指动作的承受者,间接宾语指动作所向的或所为的人和物(多指人),具有这种双宾语的及物动词叫做与格动词(dative verb), 常用的有:answer, bring, buy, do, find, get, give, hand, keep, lee, lend, make, offer, owe, pass, pay, play, promise, read, se, sell, send, show, sing, take 等,间接宾语一般须与直接宾语连用,通常放在直接宾语之前。如:I he found him a place. 我给他找到了一个职位。
五.补语
补语(complement)是一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子成分。补足主语意义的句子成分叫做主语补语(subject complement),补足宾语意义的句子成分叫做宾语补语(object complement).
(1). 容词用作主语补语是常置于主语之前,后有逗号。
Tired and sleepy, I went to bed. 我又累又困,就去睡了。
有时可以置于主语之后,前后都有逗号,与非限定性定语相似。如:
The man, cruel beyond belief, didn’t listen to their pleadings.
那人不可置疑地残酷,不听取他们的恳求。
(2).可以用做宾语补语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等
1.They named the child Jimmy. 他们将孩子命名为吉米。(名词用作并与补语)
2.My mother looks so young that you would think her my sister.
我的母亲面很嫩,你会以为她是我的姐姐(名词短语作宾语补语)
3. He boiled the egg hard. 她将鸡蛋煮老了。(形容词用作宾语补语)
3.I found the book very interesting.我发现那本书很有趣。(形容词短语用作宾补)
4.The comrades wanted Dr. Bethune to take cover.
同志们要白求恩大夫隐蔽一下。(不定式用作宾语补语)
5.I call this rog Peter to pay Paul.我把这个叫做拆东墙补西墙。(动名作宾补
6.Don’t take his kindness for granted.不要把他的友善看作是当然的事。
六.定语
定语是用来说明名词(代词)的品质与特征的词或一组词。可用作定语的有:形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句和句子等。
1.形容词用作定语是大量的。
(1). She is a natural musician. 她是一位天生的音乐家。
(2). He must be the best violinist alive.他一定是最好的在世的小提琴手了。(后置定语)
2. 名词用作定语。如
(1). A baby girl 女婴
(2). well water 井水
(3). Sports car 双座轻型汽车
(4). A fool’s paradise 梦幻的天堂
2.代词作定语。
(1). Your hair needs cutting. 你该理发了。(物主代词用作定语)
(2). Everybody’s business is nobody’s business. 负责就是无人负责。
(不定代词所有格作定语)
3.数词作定语
(1). There’s only one way to do it. 做此事只有一法。
(2). Do it now, you may not get a second chance.
现在就干吧,你可能再没有机会了。
基数词用作后置定语: page 24 Room 201 the year 1949
4. 副词充当定语时常后置,如:
the room above 楼上的房间 the world today 今日世界
the way out 出路 a day off 休息日
5.不定式用作定语
(1). Her promise to write was forgotten.她忘记了答应写信的事。
(2). That’s the way to do it.那正是做此事的方法。
6.动名词用作定语.
A walking stick 拐杖 sleeping pills 安眠药
eating implements 吃饭用具 learning method 学习方法
7.分词充当定语
a sleeping child 正在睡中的小孩 a drinking man 嗜酒者
a retired worker 一个退休工人 a faded flower 一朵谢了的花
7.介词短语用作定语。
(1). This is a map of China. 这是一幅中国地图。
(2). The wild look in his eyes spoke plainer than words.
他那凶暴的目光说明得再清楚不过了。
8.从句用作定语,即定语从句
The car that’s parked outside is mine. 停在外面的车是我的。
Your car, which I noticed outside, has been hit by another one.
我在外面看见你的汽车了,它给另一辆车撞了。
七.同谓语
当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分,前者就叫做后者的同谓语(ositive).这两个句子成分多由名词(代词)担任,同谓语通常皆放在其说明的名词(代词)之后。
1.名词用作同谓语是大量的。
(1). We he two children, a boy and a girl.我们有两个孩子,一男一女。
(2)We, the Chinese people, are determined to build China into a powerful and prosperous country. 我们中国人民决心将中国建成一个强大的繁荣的国家。
2.代词用作同谓语。
(1)。They all wanted to see him. 他们都想见他。
(2)。Let’s you and me go to work, Oliver. 咱们俩去工作吧。
3.数词用作同谓语。
(1)。Are you two ready?你们俩准备好了吗?
(2)。They two went, we three stayed behind.他们俩去了,我们三个留了下来。
4.不定式与动名词用作同谓语。
(1)。Their latest proposal, to concentrate on primary education, has met with some opposition.他们最近提出了集中全力于初等教育的提议遭到了某些人的反对。
(2)。The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down.
第一个是夜袭,被拒绝了。
5.Of 短语用作同谓语
The city of Rome 罗马城 the art of writing 写作艺术
The vice of smoking 吸烟嗜好
6.从句用同谓语,即同谓语重句
(1)。The news that we are hing a holiday tomorrow is not true.
明天放的消息不确。
(2)。We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.
我们不是在调查他是否可信赖的问题。
八.状语
状语(adverbial)是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分。。如:
1.The girl is improving remarkably. 这个女孩大有进步。
2.可用作状语的有副词、名词、代词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等。
(1)。副词最常用作状语,位置比较灵活,可置句末、句首和句中。
He speaks the language badly but read it well.
这种语言,他讲得不好,但阅读能力很强。
Naturally we expect hotel guests to lock their doors.
当我们期望旅馆的旅客把房门锁上。
3.状语按用途来分,可以分为时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随等
(1)。时间状语,多位于句末和句首,有时亦可置于句中
Shall we do the shopping today or tomorrow?
In China now leads the world.
(2).地点状语,多置于句末,有时也位于句首和句中。
There are plenty of fish in the sea.
She kissed her mother on the platform(月台).
(3)。原因状语,包括表理由的状语,多置于句末,有时亦可置于句首。
Because he was ill ,Tom lost his job.
I eat potatoes because I like them.
(4). 结果状语,多由不定式、分词和从句表示,常位于句末。
She woke(醒) suddenly to find someone standing in the doorway.
She spoke so softly that I couldn’t hear what she said.
(5). 目的状语,多由不定式、介词短语和从句等表示,常位于句末,强调时可以置于句首。
He ran for shelter(隐蔽处).他跑去避雨。
In order to get into a good school, I must study even harder.
(6). 条件状语。多由短语和从句表示,常置于句末和句首。
We’ll be lucky to get there before dark.
If he were to come, what should we say to him?
(7). 让步状语,由短语和从句表示,常置于句末和句首。
For all his money, he didn’t seem hy. 他尽管有钱,但似乎并不幸福。
He helped me although he didn’t know me.
(8).程度状语。常由副词、介词短语及从句等表示。
The lecture is very interesting.
To what extent would you trust them? 你对他们信任程度如何?
(9)。伴随状语,常由短语和独立主格等表示。对位于句末和句首。
My train starts at six, arriving at Chicago at ten.
He stood there ,pipe(烟斗) in mouth.
参考资料:
那位高手能详细告诉我英语的句子成分的区别和用法还有各个时态的区别和用法
句子 sentence 是具有主语部分和谓语部分并有完整意义的可以独立的一组词。在英语里,句子的基本结构有下列五种。主语+谓语 I laughed.主语+谓语+(直接)宾语 Rose understands French.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 He told us the whole story.主语+谓语+主语补语 或 主语+连系动词+表语He died a poor man.他穷困而死。Tom is a professor.主语+谓语+(直接)宾语+宾语补语 He found George intelligent. 主语+谓语+状语 We study hard.主语+谓语+直接宾语+状语 She has returned the magazine to the library.主语+谓语+直接宾语(方向,目标) Everybody should serve the people. 从句 subordinate clause主语从句 subject clause How this hened is not clear to anyone. 表语从句 predicative clause The trouble is that I he lost his address.宾语从句 object clause The payment should be made within five days.定语从句 attributive clause A man who sells books in a shop is called a bookseller.状语从句 adverbial clause A telegram came after you had gone.同位语从句 ositive clause The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen.
英语句子成分结构详解
定语 | 状语 | 宾语 | 补语 | 同位语 | 独立成分 | 分词独立结构
一、英语语句基本结构分析:
>> 主谓宾结构:
主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!
谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.
宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等
例:The boy needs a pen.主语the boy,谓语needs(need的第三人称单数形式),宾语a pen.
>> 主系表结构:
主语:同‘主谓宾’结构。
联系动词(Link verb):be动词(am,is,are,was,were,he been);其他联系动词如:become成为,turn变成,go变。其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系,表语多为形容词或副词,既,不可能是宾语。
表语:说明主语的状态、性质、等。可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。当联系动词不是be,而其后是名词和代词时,多表达‘转变为’之意,注意与动宾关系的区别。
感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻
例:Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩)/主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is,表语为a boy
>> There be 结构:
There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。
此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’
试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。
二、定语:定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。 返回
定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如:something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
形容词作定语:
The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy;blue修饰名词pen.)/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。
Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。
There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。
数词作定语相当于形容词:Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。
The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。
There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。
代词或名词所有格作定语:
His boy needs Tom\'s pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。
His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。
There are two boys of Toms there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。
介词短语作定语:
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。
The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。
There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩。
名词作定语:
The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。
It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。
There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。
副词作定语:
The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。
The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。
不定式作定语:
The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。
The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。
There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做。
分词(短语)作定语:
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。
The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。
There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。
定语从句:
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。
The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。
There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个。
三、状语:状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。 返回
状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。
有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义,应注意,如:The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘(此时in the classroom为girl的定语),也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’(此时in the classroom为地点状语),最好写作‘In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.\'
副词(短语)作状语:
The boy needs a pen very much./男孩非常需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)
The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。(宾语较长则状语前置)
The boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)
The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。(时间状语)
介词短语作状语:In the classroom,the boy needs a pen./在教室里,男孩需要一支钢笔。(地点状语)
Before his mother,Tom is always a boy./在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)
On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)
分词(短语)作状语:
He sits there,asking for a pen./他坐在那儿要一支笔。(表示伴随状态)
Hing to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen./因为不得不完成作业,男孩需要一支笔。(原因状语)
Frightened,he sits there soundlessly./(因为)受了惊吓,他无声地坐在那儿。(原因状语)
不定式作状语:
The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。(目的状语)
To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣.
名词作状语:
Come this way!/走这条路!(方向状语)
状语从句:
时间状语从句
地点状语从句
原因状语从句
结果状语从句
目的状语从句
比较状语从句
让步状语从句
条件状语从句
四、直接宾语和间接宾语: 返回
>>>特殊的同源宾语现象: fight a fight , dream a dream , etc.
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give给,pass递,bring带,show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。
一般的顺序为:动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。如:Give me a cup of tea,please.
强调间接宾语顺序为:动词 + 直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语。如:Show this house to Mr.Smith.
若直接宾语为人称代词:动词+ 代词直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语。如:Bring it to me,please.
五、宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。 返回
名词/代词宾格 + 名词
The war made him a soldier./战争使他成为一名战士.
名词/代词宾格 + 形容词
New methods make the job easy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松.
名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语
I often find him at work./我经常发现他在工作.
名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式
The teacher ask the students to close the windows./老师让学生们关上窗户.
名词/代词宾格 + 分词
I saw a cat running across the road./我看见一只猫跑过了马路.
六、同位语: 返回
同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语。如:
We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语,都是指同一批‘学生’)
We all are students. / (all是we的同位语,都指同样的‘我们’)
七、独立成分:有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分,称为句子独立成分(注意:区别于分词独立结构)。 返回
感叹词:oh,hello,aha,ah,等。
肯定词yes
否定词no
称呼语:称呼人的用语。
插入语:一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。
如: The story,I think,has never come to the end./我相信,这个故事还远没结束.
情态词,表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状语):perhaps也许,maybe大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然,等。
八、分词独立结构:分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词独立结构。 返回
例:
错句:Studying hard,your score will go up.
正确:(1) Studying hard,you can make your score go up. 或 (2)If you study hard,your score will go up.
解析:错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语,则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,既your score . 显然做study的应是人,不应是your score(分数). 正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致( 同为you );正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了).
分词独立结构常省略being,hing been.不过‘There being...’的场合不能省略.
如:
Game (being) over,he went home.
He stands there,book (being) in hand.
独立结构还可用with、without引导,作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词,还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。
如:
With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon./无事可做,他很快就睡着了。
The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose./老师进来了,戴着一付眼镜。(注意,此句on his nose不可省略!)
时态的语法放不下了 ,自己去看好吗?://zhidao.baidu/question/12691924.html?si=1
多读读英语文章,培养语感,这样作题目会比较有感觉!!
加油~~~