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大学英语改写句子_大学英语语法句子改写

tamoadmin 2024-08-21 人已围观

简介1.怎么分析下面这句话中将主语的后置定语“of...”置于句尾的用法?该用法和主语补足语有什么区别?2.我要写好英语作文,词汇量充足,可句型都不会复杂化!怎么样可以复杂化?有哪些类型?越复杂越好!3.关于英语语法的问题4.why可以引导什么从句?5.英文倒装句6.请高手帮我这段文字翻译成英文. 虽然英国的授课语言是英语,对国内的学生来说难度不大,但是适应教学的模式,先读语言是很有优势的。和来一起看

1.怎么分析下面这句话中将主语的后置定语“of...”置于句尾的用法?该用法和主语补足语有什么区别?

2.我要写好英语作文,词汇量充足,可句型都不会复杂化!怎么样可以复杂化?有哪些类型?越复杂越好!

3.关于英语语法的问题

4.why可以引导什么从句?

5.英文倒装句

6.请高手帮我这段文字翻译成英文.

大学英语改写句子_大学英语语法句子改写

 虽然英国的授课语言是英语,对国内的学生来说难度不大,但是适应教学的模式,先读语言是很有优势的。和来一起看看卡迪夫大学语言班留学申请指南。

  基本介绍

 语言班入学后,第一件事情就是分班考试,根据分班考试的成绩来编排班级。

 语言班是小班教学,一个班平均是15位同学。

 语言班是需要每天上课的,上课期间不需要打卡,但有三次请机会。

 上午上课时间为09:00-12:15

 下午上课时间为13:15-15:15

 中间提供1小时15分钟的休息时间

 除第一周的周五是上全天的课

 往后每周周五下午不上课

 12周:商学院

 8周:

 8A:数学学院、student union

 8B:法学院对面、商学院

  课程内容

 一、语法

 语法学习时长为4周的时间。

 前四周学习语法并在第四周的星期五进行考试。

 只有12周和20周的语言班配此内容。

 语法考试结束后会重新调整一次班级,过了语法考试的同学留在原班级。

 没有过的同学分在后面的班级并需要在第11周参加补考。

 挂了语法考试的同学,有四次统一的语法辅导课,时长为1个小时,在周五放学后。

 二、report

 语法考试结束后,进入report的学习阶段。以两人为一小组,共同完成一部分,每人额外独立完成一部分,字数在1300~1500字。

 其中有问卷调查这一环节,需要向当地人发问卷调查。根据问卷调查的内容来得出结论。

 英国人被问卷调查支配的恐惧又要到了~

 课程安排上,下午讲课的老师负责讲report的相关知识,同时有两次的tutorial的辅导,负责答疑report的相关问题。

 上午讲课的老师则负责带大家练习期中考试的listening、reading和如何写reference。在为期四周的report学习结束后,需要把完成的report发到老师邮箱并在第四周的周五参加期中考试。

 三、essay&presentation

 期中考试结束后开始学习如何写essay。标准字数为1300~1500字。essay分为大纲、草稿和最终版。

 由上午的老师负责教大家学习,并有两次tutorial的辅导。

 一次给出关于essay 大纲的建议,一次是草稿的答疑。

 下午老师则教大家如何做presentation以及继续练习listerning & reading。后面班级由于同学们没有过语法,老师则会有安排相应的语法练习。

 期末考试和语法的补考都是安排在第11周进行,第12周则只安排了期末考试的补考和最后课外的活动(班级合影和聚餐)。

 开学前会发相关的教学用书,老师会在课前发纸质版的资料。

  考试内容

 考试分为语法考试(12周和20周的有)、期中考试和期末考试。

 一、语法考试

 笔试

 第一部分叫Language Skill,即listen: write note、reading: write timeline、speaking、paragraph。分值为40%。

 第二部分叫Language Grammar,即在文中填写正确的时态、两种改写句子题、文章改错、选词填空、分值为60%。

 口试

 老师会问一个话题,同学们需要分析优点和缺点。 口试是否算分,由于学联菌时隔太久,实在是记不清楚了,请大家谅解。

 语法

 考试通过的及格线为两部分总和的40%,总分为100分。补考没有口试以及Language Skill,通过及格线是总分的40%。

 语法考试为必须通过的考试,但是分数不计入总成绩。

 如果最后还没有在11周的语法补考中通过,则没有资格参加presentation和期末考试, 同时不能继续留在卡迪夫大学读书。

 当然学校为没有补考同学提供的额外语法辅导课,只要好好学习,一定是包过的。

 二、期中考试

 听力: write note and summary

 阅读: write note

 写作:考查怎么写reference、以及short report 字数300~350之间。

 总分为100%,没有通过与不通过之说。

 三、期末考试

 听力: write note and summary

 阅读: write note text1 after removing text1,text2 。无需答题,作为essay 材料则留了下来。

 Short essay,根据听力和阅读的材料来进行写作,字数350~400之间。

 总分为100%,没有通过与不通过之说。

 四、期末补考

 听力:Write note

 阅读:一篇阅读材料

 写作:给了题目,根据题目来写。150字左右。

 与期末考试的形式不一样,稍微容易些。

 期末补考与期末考试内容不一样

 如果期末综合成绩没有达到40%,则需要在第12周需要参加补考。

 补考的条件是需要达到总成绩的32%~39%之间。

 考试的所有部分都与雅思考试题型不一样。

  考试结果

 一、总分构成

 总分分数构成=mid test (15%)+ report (15%)+ essay (25%)+ presentation (10%)+ final test (35%)

 如果补考后还没有到达卷面成绩的40%,则不能继续在卡迪夫大学读书,即回国或者转学。

 二、成绩通知

 所有成绩都以邮件的形式进行通知(期中除外),语法和最后的大综合成绩都只告诉学生通过或者不通过。

 期中考试和期末考试过后会有tutorial meeting,老师会给出每一门具体的成绩,以及学习建议。

 通过语言班的同学,学校会发一个语言课的证书并获得学校unconditional offer。

怎么分析下面这句话中将主语的后置定语“of...”置于句尾的用法?该用法和主语补足语有什么区别?

倒装是一种语法手段,用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种:完全倒装和部分倒装。

1. 完全倒装

1) 完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前(是整个谓语动词,而非助动词)。

例如:In came the teacher and the class began. (老师走了进来,然后开始上课。)

2) there引出的完全倒装句:除了最常见的there be句型以外,there还可以接ear, exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand等,一般都译成"有"的含义,构成完全倒装句。

例如:There eared to be a man in black in the distance.(远处有个穿黑色衣服的人。)

3) 由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装句:以地点副词here, there和时间副词now, then 开头,后面的动词是be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand等,而主语又是名词时,构成完全倒装句。

例:Under that tree sits a beautiful girl.(那棵树下坐着一位美丽的姑娘。)

例:_________ from the tenth floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him.

A) Jumped down the burglar B) Down the burglar jumped

C) The burglar jumps down D) Down jumped the burglar

答案是D) Down jumped the burglar。因为地点状语Down位于句首应该用完全倒装,整个谓语动词应位于主语之前。C) The burglar jumps down虽然是自然语序,但时态错误,应该用和时间状语从句一致的过去时,而不是现在时。

注意:

1) 在here, there引出的倒装句中,当主语是普通名词时用完全倒装句,但当主语是代词时,就要用部分倒装句。

例:Here comes the postman!(邮递员终于来了!注意实意谓语动词位于主语之前。)

Here we are.(我们到了。注意系动词位于主语代词之后。)

2) 注意正语序和倒装语序的语气、意义是区别:

例:Here is the picture I love.(这正是我所喜爱的画。)

The picture I love is here.(我所喜爱的画在这里。)

3) 当主语是代词,谓语是系动词,表语是说明性的词、词组和定语从句时,可以使用完全倒装句,起强调作用。

例:Lucky is he who has been enrolled into a famous university.(他真,被一所名牌大学录取了。)

2. 部分倒装

1) 部分倒装即只把谓语的一部分(如助动词、情态动词等)放到主语前,或把句子的强调成分提前。

例:_______ right now, she would get there on Sunday.

A) Would she lee B) if she lee

C) were she to lee D) If she had left

结合选项,全句的意思是:“如果她立刻就走,她就能在星期天到达那里”。答案是C。

2) 以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装。注意下列句子中助动词或情态动词提前、甚至补充助动词的用法:

例:Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.(小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。)

例:In no country ______ Britain, it had been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.

A) better than B) more than C) other than D) rather than

本题是个倒装句,答案是C) other than。no other than意思是“正是、就是”;而rather than的意思是“宁愿……而不……;而不是”。

3) 以否定副词开头并加状语的句子要求部分倒装。这些否定副词有barely, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely…… when, never, no sooner…… than, rarely, no more, nor nearly, not only等以及only。

例:Only under special circumstances _________ to take make-up tests.

A) are freshmen permitted C) permitted are freshmen

B) freshmen are permitted D) are permitted freshmen

全句的意思是:“一年级学生只有在特殊的情况下才可以允许补考。”本陈述句以only开始,后面接状语,应当用部分倒装句。所以答案是A) are freshmen permitted。如用自然语序,本题所在的句子就应该改写为:Freshmen are permitted to take make-up tests only under special circumstances.这两句话的差别是,前者将only under special circumstances放到句首,表示对状语的强调。注意:在部分倒装句中,只有助动词、情态动词或连系动词to be可以置于主语之前,其它部分都要置于主语之后。

注意:

a) 如果含有从句时,只要求主句倒装:

例:Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.(只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。)

b) 如果上述否定副词出现在强调句型中的前半部分,不用倒装:

例: It was not until he went abroad that he know the truth of the fact.(直到他出国以后才了解到事实真相。)

c) 如果hardly, scarcely后面接的是any, ever, at all时,意义类似almost no/ not/ never(几乎不、从不),则无须倒装。

例:Hardly any people hing been invited went there.(几乎没有什么受到邀请的人去那里了。)

4) 由no matter how, however和how引导的状语从句要求部分倒装,因为形容词或副词通常紧跟在这三个引导词后面,然后才是主语和谓语,形成形式上的部分倒装句:

例:I know nothing about this river, neither how long, how wide nor how deep it is.(我一点也不了解这条河,不知道它有多长,多宽或多深。)

由as引导的部分倒装句:

a) 当as作为比较意义时,即用于as + adj./ adv. + as结构中时,如果把第一个as省略掉,就形成部分倒装句。

例:Cautious as the rest of her family (was) , she didn't seem willing to give an immediate reply to my question.(正如她家里人一样谨慎小心,她似乎不愿意立即回答我的问题。)

She ran down the stairs, quick as a rabbit (ran).(她跑下楼去,跑得象兔子那么快!)

b) 当as引导让步状语时,和although, though一样,当用作“尽管”之义时,可以用于部分倒装句。

例:_______, there was no hope of her being able to sleep.

A) As she was exhausted B) If she was exhausted

C) Exhausted though she was D) Now that she was exhausted

答案是C) Exhausted though she was。从属连词as, though可以用于让步状语从句中。这种从句必须以形容词(或形容词化的分词)、名词或动词原形开头,主语必须位于从句之后。D) Now that she was exhausted里的引导词Now that表示“既然”;B) If she was exhausted表示条件“如果”; A) As she was exhausted表示“由于”(因为使用的是正语序),都与后面句子的意思不通顺。

c) 表示原因时,为了强调起见,也可以倒装。

例:Tired as he was, we decided not to disturb him.(因为他太累了,我们决定不打扰他。)

d) 等于so时,意义是“也,也是”

例:She worked hard, so/ as did her husband. (她工作很努力,她的丈夫工作也很努力。)

3. 其它情况的倒装句

1) so, neither, nor除了构成上述倒装句以外,还可以取代上文出现的名词、形容词甚至整句话,构成完全倒装句或部分倒装句。但这两种倒装的意义不同。

a) 当so表示“也,相同,那样”时,通常表示对前一句肯定句的赞同、一致内容,要求使用完全倒装句:

例:I asked him to complete the experiment before five, so he did (=and he did that).(我让他在5点以前完成实验,他做到了。)

b) so /such ……that句型可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分:

例:So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled.(他的要价如此之高,令每个人都瞠目结舌。)

To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out.(她的彩排进行得那么长,以致于两个演员都走出去了。)

c) neither和nor共有4种倒装形式,其含义分别为:

完全倒装时:表示"也不",和上文a)用法正好相反,表示对前一句否定句的赞同或一致内容。

例:You don't know what to do now, neither/ nor do I .(你不知道现在该做什么,我也不知道。)

和其它否定副词连用,表示"也(不)",也要求用完全倒装句:

例:The besieged enemy could not advance, nor / neither could they retreat.(被包围的敌人既不能进,也不能退。)

注意:若把这句话改成:"The besieged enemy could neither advance nor retreat.(被包围的敌人既不能进,也不能退。)"就不必倒装。

例:She never laughed, ______ lose her temper.

A) or she ever did B) nor did she ever

C) or did she ever D) nor she ever did

本题的句子是一个并列句,全句意思是:“她从来不大声笑,也没有发过脾气”。当前面的分句含否定意义而且后面的分句也含否定的意思时,后面的反句通常用含否定意义的nor(或neither)连接。此外,nor(或neither)连接的分句应当用倒装句,及其谓语中的情态动词、连系动词或助动词应放主语之前。所以B) nor did she ever是答案。本句相当于:"…, and she never lost her temper, either"。

1) 用在肯定句里,构成一般否定倒装:

例:All that is true, nor must we forget it.(那全都是真的,我们可不能忘记。)

2) 部分倒装,有承上启下作用,表示同意和赞同:

例:A: I couldn't do anything for her.(我帮不了她。)

B: Nor you could, but you might he got somebody to help her.(你是不能帮她,但你本可以找人帮她的。)

2) 在进行比较的句子里,如果主语不是代词时,可以倒装:

例:America consumes more energy than did our country.(美国消耗的能源比我们国家多。)

Her face is rather pale and even paler are her hands.(她的脸色苍白,她的手更白。)

我要写好英语作文,词汇量充足,可句型都不会复杂化!怎么样可以复杂化?有哪些类型?越复杂越好!

由于这个介词短语太长,如果直接置于主语Negative images后面,会造成头重脚轻的句子,这不符合英语习习,再由于remain是不及物动词,不会造成误解,故将其置于句尾。主语补足语是对主语的补充而不是修饰。如:He came home out of humor.这里的out of humor是主的语补足语。

关于英语语法的问题

我认为首先要明白学习英语绝不是看一部动画片,不是一蹴而就的事。要想不下一番苦功夫、不费一点力气就能学好英语,那是绝对办不到的。因此,我们学习英语时,一定要有信心?要有耐心,要听老师的话,循序渐进地坚持学习下去?肯定会有收获的。

第二,要想学好英语?就得勤学苦练。先从听说入手。课上认真听老师讲,听同学们说,自己积极举手发言,大胆地去讲英语;课下多听录音带,反复练习,尽量模仿正确的语音语调。每天坚持读半个小时的英语。人们常说的“拳不离手,曲不离口”,就是这个道理。我们要想学好英语?就必须敢于开口说英语,不要怕说错。要坚持勤学苦练?争取达到脱口而出的程度。在练习口语的同时,还要多动手写英语,不要怕写错。一定要争取做到听、说、读、写?全面发展。

第三,要想学好英语,就得有股韧劲。学过的生词和句子一定要记住,真正掌握它。个别同学平时不愿记单词。他们认为几十个单词考试前一突击就背下来了。刚开始学英语,单词学得少,似乎问题不大;可是单词一多,平时不记,期中、期末考试时,成百上千的单词怎么能一下子背下来呢?所以,记单词一定要日积月累,搞个小备忘录更好。比如今天学了10个单词,记住了 7个,其余3个怎么也记不住,这时你就可以把它们记到备忘录上。备忘录随身带,有空你就掏出来,看它几眼,说它几遍。看的次数多了,说的次数多了,多难记的单词也能记住。当然,记生词最好连句子一块记效果更好,这样记得牢。通过句子记新单词,不但扩大了词汇量,而且还记了单词的用法,真是一举两得。

第四,要想学好英语,还要多动脑筋。要用多种方法、多种形式来巧学巧记。对于一些较难理解的知识,我们可以把它的核心部分用一两句好上口的话概括起来,进行记忆。有的则可以用些顺口溜、警句等来帮助记忆,这是行之有效的。因此,我建议大家不断摸索学习规律?自己编出一些便于记忆的顺口溜?来进一步提高我们的英语学习成绩。

经验一:

1、不妨给自己定一些时间限制。连续长时间的学习很容易使自己产生厌烦情绪,这时可以把功课分成若干个部分,把每一部分限定时间,例如一小时内完成这份练习、八点以前做完那份测试等等,这样不仅有助于提高效率,还不会产生疲劳感。如果可能的话,逐步缩短所用的时间,不久你就会发现,以前一小时都完不成的作业,现在四十分钟就完成了。

2、不要在学习的同时干其他事或想其他事。一心不能二用的道理谁都明白,可还是有许多同学在边学习边听音乐。或许你会说听音乐是放松神经的好办法,那么你尽可以专心的学习一小时后全身放松地听一刻钟音乐,这样比带着耳机做功课的效果好多了。

3、不要整个晚上都复习同一门功课。我以前也曾经常用一个晚上来看数学或物理,实践证明,这样做非但容易疲劳,而且效果也很差。后来我在每晚安排复习两三门功课,情况要好多了。

除了十分重要的内容以外,课堂上不必记很详细的笔记。如果课堂上忙于记笔记,听课的效率一定不高,况且你也不能保证课后一定会去看笔记。课堂上所做的主要工作应当是把老师的讲课消化吸收,适当做一些简要的笔记即可。

经验二:

学习效率这东西,我也曾和很多人谈起过。我们经常看到这样的情况:某同学学习极其用功,在学校学,回家也学,不时还熬熬夜,题做得数不胜数,但成绩却总上不去其实面对这样的情况,我也是十分着急的,本来,有付出就应该有回报,而且,付出的多就应该回报很多,这是天经地义的事。但实际的情况却并非如此,这里边就存在一个效率的问题。效率指什么呢?好比学一样东西,有人练十次就会了,而有人则需练一百次,这其中就存在一个效率的问题。

如何提高学习效率呢?我认为最重要的一条就是劳逸结合。学习效率的提高最需要的是清醒敏捷的头脑,所以适当的休息,不仅仅是有好处的,更是必要的,是提高各项学习效率的基础。那么上课时的听课效率如何提高呢?以我的经历来看,课前要有一定的预习,这是必要的,不过我的预习比较粗略,无非是走马观花地看一下课本,这样课本上讲的内容、重点大致在心里有个谱了,听起课来就比较有针对性。预习时,我们不必搞得太细,如果过细一是浪费时间,二是上课时未免会有些松懈,有时反而忽略了最有用的东西。上课时认真听课当然是必须的,但就象我以前一个老师讲的,任何人也无法集中精力一节课,就是说,连续四十多分钟集中精神不走神,是不太可能的,所以上课期间也有一个时间分配的问题,老师讲有些很熟悉的东西时,可以适当地放松一下。另外,记笔记有时也会妨碍课堂听课效率,有时一节课就忙着抄笔记了,这样做,有时会忽略一些很重要的东西,但这并不等于说可以不抄笔记,不抄笔记是不行的,都会遗忘,有了笔记,复习时才有基础,有时老师讲得很多,在黑板上记得也很多,但并不需要全记,书上有的东西当然不要记,要记一些书上没有的定理定律,典型例题与典型解法,这些才是真正有价值去记的东西。否则见啥记啥,势必影响课上听课的效率,得不偿失。

作题的效率如何提高呢?最重要的是选"好题",千万不能见题就作,不分青红皂白,那样的话往往会事倍功半。题都是围绕着知识点进行的,而且很多题是相当类似的,首先选择想要得到强化的知识点,然后围绕这个知识点来选择题目,题并不需要多,类似的题只要一个就足够,选好题后就可以认真地去做了。作题效率的提高,很大程度上还取决于作题之后的过程,对于做错的题,应当认真思考错误的原因,是知识点掌握不清还是因为马虎大意,分析过之后再做一遍以加深印象,这样作题效率就会高得多。

评:夏宇同学对于听课和做题的建议,实际上反应了提高学习效率的一个重要方法--"把劲儿使在刀刃上",即合理分配时间,听课、记笔记应抓住重点,做习题应抓住典型,这就是学习中的"事半功倍"。

经验三:

学习效率是决定学习成绩的重要因素。那么,我们如何提高自己学习效率呢?

第一点,要自信。很多的科学研究都证明,人的潜力是很大的,但大多数人并没有有效地开发这种潜力,这其中,人的自信力是很重要的一个方面。无论何时何地,你做任何事情,有了这种自信力,你就有了一种必胜的信念,而且能使你很快就摆脱失败的阴影。相反,一个人如果失掉了自信,那他就会一事无成,而且很容易陷入永远的自卑之中。

提高学习效率的另一个重要的手段是学会用心。学习的过程,应当是用脑思考的过程,无论是用眼睛看,用口读,或者用手抄写,都是作为用脑的手段,真正的关键还在于用脑子去想。举一个很浅显的例子,比如说记单词,如果你只是随意的浏览或漫无目的地抄写,也许要很多遍才能记住,而且不容易记牢,而如果你能充分发挥自己的想象力,运用联想的方法去记忆,往往可以记得很快,而且不容易遗忘。现在很多书上介绍的英语单词快速记忆的方法,也都是强调用脑筋联想的作用。可见,如果能做7到集中精力,发挥脑的潜力,一定可以大大提高学习的效果。

另一个影响到学习效率的重要因素是人的情绪。我想,每个人都曾经有过这样的体会,如果某一天,自己的精神饱满而且情绪高涨,那样在学习一样东西时就会感到很轻松,学的也很快,其实这正是我们的学习效率高的时候。因此,保持自我情绪的良好是十分重要的。我们在日常生活中,应当有较为开朗的心境,不要过多地去想那些不顺心的事,而且我们要以一种热情向上的乐观生活态度去对待周围的人和事,因为这样无论对别人还是对自己都是很有好处的。这样,我们就能在自己的周围营造一个十分轻松的氛围,学习起来也就感到格外的有精神。

经验四:

很多学生看上去很用功,可成绩总是不理想。原因之一是,学习效率太低。同样的时间内,只能掌握别人学到知识的一半,这样怎么能学好?学习要讲究效率,提高效率,途径大致有以下几点:

一、每天保证8小时睡眠。

晚上不要熬夜,定时就寝。中午坚持午睡。充足的睡眠、饱满的精神是提高效率的基本要求。

二、学习时要全神贯注。

玩的时候痛快玩,学的时候认真学。一天到晚伏案苦读,不是良策。学习到一定程度就得休息、补充能量。学习之余,一定要注意休息。但学习时,一定要全身心地投入,手脑并用。我学习的时侯常有陶渊明的"虽处闹市,而无车马喧嚣"的境界,只有我的手和脑与课本交流。

三、坚持体育锻炼。

身体是"学习"的本钱。没有一个好的身体,再大的能耐也无法发挥。因而,再繁忙的学习,也不可忽视放松锻炼。有的同学为了学习而忽视锻炼,身体越来越弱,学习越来越感到力不从心。这样怎么能提高学习效率呢?

四、学习要主动。

只有积极主动地学习,才能感受到其中的乐趣,才能对学习越发有兴趣。有了兴趣,效率就会在不知不觉中得到提高。有的同学基础不好,学习过程中老是有不懂的问题,又羞于向人请教,结果是郁郁寡欢,心不在焉,从何谈起提高学习效率。这时,唯一的方法是,向人请教,不懂的地方一定要弄懂,一点一滴地积累,才能进步。如此,才能逐步地提高效率。

五、保持愉快的心情,和同学融洽相处。

每天有个好心情,做事干净利落,学习积极投入,效率自然高。另一方面,把个人和集体结合起来,和同学保持互助关系,团结进取,也能提高学习效率。

六、注意整理。

学习过程中,把各科课本、作业和资料有规律地放在一起。待用时,一看便知在哪。而有的学生查阅某本书时,东找西翻,不见踪影。时间就在忙碌而焦急的寻找中逝去。我认为,没有条理的学生不会学得很好。

评:学习效率的提高,很大程度上决定于学习之外的其他因素,这是因为人的体质、心境、状态等诸多因素与学习效率密切相关。

总结

学习必须讲究方法,而改进学习方法的本质目的,就是为了提高学习效率。

学习效率的高低,是一个学生综合学习能力的体现。在学生时代,学习效率的高低主要对学习成绩产生影响。当一个人进入社会之后,还要在工作中不断学习新的知识和技能,这时候,一个人学习效率的高低则会影响他(或她)的工作成绩,继而影响他的事业和前途。可见,在中学阶段就养成好的学习习惯,拥有较高的学习效率,对人一生的发展都大有益处。

可以这样认为,学习效率很高的人,必定是学习成绩好的学生(言外之意,学习成绩好未必学习效率高)。因此,对大部分学生而言,提高学习效率就是提高学习成绩的直接途径。

提高学习效率并非一朝一夕之事,需要长期的探索和积累。前人的经验是可以借鉴的,但必须充分结合自己的特点。影响学习效率的因素,有学习之内的,但更多的因素在学习之外。首先要养成良好的学习习惯,合理利用时间,另外还要注意"专心、用心、恒心"等基本素质的培养,对于自身的优势、缺陷等更要有深刻的认识。总之,"世上无难事,只怕有心人。"

回答者:枫叶456 - 助理 二级 12-17 12:09

我是一个很懒的人,因此我有懒人的学习方法,我不知道我的学习方法是否适合你,但我还是说一下好了。

我说过我很懒,因此我平时不计单词不记语法,但是每次听写我都过关了,上高中以来我最低成绩89.5,最高110。以下是我的学习方法:

1、认真听讲。很多人问过我:“为什么我认真听讲,认真做笔记但还是不能及格?”其实通过这一句话我了解了2点:1、他(她)的学习态度很好2、听讲方法不对。

这时你或许会问,听讲还有方法吗?不就是上课认真听老师讲课、认真记笔记吗? 呵呵,我的方法是这样的。一节课认真听老师指挥,当老师说话时,集中精神尽自己努力将老师的每一句话每一个单词每一个字压进大脑里形成神经链,这样做题时看到单词就会想到老师说的话,答案就出来了(老师评讲试卷时尤为重要)~

由于需要很强的精神力,以你现在的情况,在有空的时候要修炼精神力以便更容易集中精神。

修练方法:闭上眼睛感受周围事物~

2、君子动口不动手。中国有句老话:“光说不练,把式。”但我练的就是“把式”。我除了平时做作业、考试之外不再另外做题,所以有足够的时间玩(嘿嘿)~

书上的课文要读熟(会背更好),不需要另外找文章读,平时考试的完型填空、阅读就有很多文章,找生词不多,容易懂的文章读,读到流利、发音标准为止,平时要拿出来多复习一下。这样做是为了培养语感,有了语感,就不用记语法,做单项选择时,只要把每个选项带进去读,读的顺的就是拉~有了一定的做题经验时,看了题目就知道哪个是答案拉~

我的学习方法主要是这些,如果还有学习方法的问题可以与我联系,我的QQ是476557032。

另外,如果要参加什么班的话,参加“疯狂英语”好了~

回答者:12月の希维 - 见习魔法师 二级 12-17 13:41

想学好英语,首先要培养对英语的兴趣。“兴趣是最好的老师”,兴趣是学习英语的巨大动力,有了兴趣,学习就会事半功倍。我们都有这样的经验:喜欢的事,就容易坚持下去;不喜欢的事,是很难坚持下去的。而兴趣不是与生俱来的,需要培养。有的同学说:“我一看到英语就头疼,怎么能培养对英语的兴趣呢?”还有的同学说:“英语单词我今天记了明天忘,我太笨了,唉,我算没治了。”这都是缺乏信心的表现。初学英语时,没有掌握正确的学习方法,没有树立必胜的信心,缺乏了克服困难的勇气,丧失了上进的动力,稍遇失败,就会向挫折缴枪,向困难低头。你就会感到英语是一门枯燥无味的学科,学了一段时间之后,学习积极性也逐渐降低,自然也就不会取得好成绩。但是,只要在老师的帮助下,认识到学英语的必要性,用正确的态度对待英语学习,用科学的方法指导学习。开始时多参加一些英语方面的活动,比如 ,唱英文歌、做英语游戏、读英语幽默短文、练习口头对话等。时间长了,懂得多了,就有了兴趣,当然,学习起来就有了动力和欲望。然后,就要像农民一样勤勤恳恳,不辞辛苦,付出辛勤的劳动和汗水,一定会取得成功,收获丰硕的成果。毕竟是No pains, no gains吗。

练好基本功是学好英语的必要条件,没有扎实的英语基础,就谈不上继续学习,更谈不上有所成就。要想基本功扎实,必须全神贯注地认真听讲,上好每一节课,提高课堂效率,脚踏实地、一步一个脚印地,做到以下“五到”:

一、“心到”。在课堂上应聚精会神,一刻也不能懈怠,大脑要始终处于积极状态,思维要活跃、思路要开阔,心随老师走,听懂每一句话,抓住每一个环节,理解每一个知识点,多联想、多思考,做到心领神会。

二、“手到”。学英语,一定要做课堂笔记。因为人的记忆力是有限的,人不可能都过目不忘,记忆本身就是不断与遗忘作斗争的过程。常言说,“好脑筋不如烂笔头”。老师讲的知识可能在课堂上记住了,可是过了一段时间,就会忘记,所以,做好笔记很有必要。英语知识也是一点点积累起来的,学到的每一个单词、词组以及句型结构,都记在笔记本上,甚至是书的空白处或字里行间,这对以后的复习巩固都是非常方便的。

三、“耳到”。在课堂上,认真听讲是十分必要的,不但要专心听老师对知识的讲解,而且要认真听老师说英语的语音、语调、重音、连读、失去爆破、断句等发音要领,以便培养自己纯正地道的英语口语。听见听懂老师传授的每一个知识点,在头脑里形成反馈以帮助记忆;理解领会老师提出的问题,以便迅速作答,对比同学对问题的回答,以加深对问题的理解而取别人之长补自己之短。

四、“眼到”。在认真听讲的同时,还要双眼紧随老师观察老师的动作、口形、表情、板书、绘图、教具展示等。大脑里形成的视觉信息和听觉信息相结合,印象就会更加深刻。

五、“口到”。学习语言,不张嘴不动口是学不好的,同学们最大的毛病是读书不出声,害羞不敢张嘴。尤其是早读课,同学们只是用眼看或默读,这样就只有视觉信息,而没有听觉信息在大脑里的反馈,当然记忆也不会太深刻,口部肌肉也得不到锻炼,也就很难练就一口纯正的英语。所以,要充分利用早晨头脑清醒的时间,大声朗读;课堂上要勇跃回答老师提问、积极参与同学间讨论和辩论,课下对不清楚的问题及时提出,要克服害羞心理,不耻下问。对学过的课文要多读、勤读、苦读,可以跟录音机读,竭力模仿其语音语调以纠正发音,要读得抑扬顿挫朗朗上口,一些精典文章最好能背得滚爪烂熟。利用一切可能的机会,练习英语口语,比如,与外教交流、参加“英语角”活动、与同学进行对话、讲英语故事、唱英文歌曲、演英语短剧、进行诗歌朗诵等。除了对课本中的范文要细读精读之外,还要多看些适合我们中学生的课外读物,既可增长知识,又开阔了我们的视野,也提高了我们的阅读水平。

学英语,词汇的记忆是必不可少的,词汇是学好英语的基础,没有了词汇,也就谈不上句子,更谈不上文章,所以记单词对我们就显得极其重要。记忆单词关键有二:

一是持之以恒:每天坚持记忆一定量的词汇,过几天再回头复习一次,这样周期循环,反复记忆,经常使用,就会变短时记忆为长时记忆并牢固掌握。需要注意的是,一旦开始,就要坚持下来,千万不能半途而废,切不可三天打鱼,两天晒网。

二是良好的记忆方法:记忆单词的方法很多,学无定法,但学有良法。我认为,张思中的“集中识词,分类记忆”不失为一种适合中学生的好方法。把中学生应掌握的3500个单词集中汇总,分门别类,先过单词关,然后再学教材,在课本中使用和巩固它们的用法。分类的方法有多种,同一元音或元音字母组合发音相同的单词归为一类;根据词形词性、同义词反义词等集中记忆;把相同词根、前缀、后缀、合成、转化、派生等构词法相同的单词或词组列在一起集中识记印象比较深刻,记忆效果也比较明显。这样每天记40-80个单词,坚持不懈,多联想,多思考,多使用,词汇问题不就解决了吗?在学习的过程中多注视单词的用法和词组的搭配,牢记老师讲过的单词惯用法和句型,这样不仅有助于我们解题,而且在写作时也会信手拈来,运用自如。

把单词记住,了解词性、词义,掌握其固定搭配与习惯用法,背会时态、从句的各种用法,工作只是完成了一半,我们还得将它们应用到实践中去。就像学游泳,光学理论,不下水应用,不等于掌握了这门技术。不必要搞题海战术,但一定量的典型练习来巩固所学知识是必不可少的。先重视基础练习,如课后习题,单元同步练习,这些是针对课堂知识的巩固性练习,不能好高骛远,光想着一口吃个胖子。基础知识掌握后,有的放失地做一些语法方面的专项练习和考试题型的专题练习。特别提倡同学们准备一本“错题集”,把平时做错的具有代表性的试题或语言点记录下来,以备将来查漏补缺,这样对知识的掌握可以达到事半功倍的效果。

英语是一种语言,不是记住了单词、词组、句型和语法项目就是把它学好了,关键在于使用语言,所以在学习英语时一定要注意听、说、读、写、译全面发展。英语学习首先是一个记忆过程,然后才是实践过程。学习英语,无论如何,勤奋是不可少的,它是一个日积月累的渐进过程,是没有任何捷径可走的,也没有所谓“速成”的灵丹妙方,急于求成,不做踏实工作,是学不好英语的。任何成功的获得都要靠自己的努力,要踏踏实实、勤勤恳恳、兢兢业业、一步一个脚印地学习,端正态度,认真对待学习中的挫折和失败。失败并不可怕,可怕的是对自己丧失信心而一蹶不振。对考试的失败,冷静分析,认真思考,只要对胜利充满信心,善于总结经验教训,不断努力,不断追求,胜利一定是属于你们的。

回答者:esther_hh - 举人 四级 12-17 17:05

如何提高英语成绩

一、怎样提高阅读?

多读,精泛结合,

把握读的方法,使用浏览,查读,寻读,对不同文体用不同的方法,就好比驾驶员开车要用不同的速度一样,

学会揣词,分析长句\难句,抓住句子主干或关键词,善于找主题句,知道常见的问题怎么出:

问主题:main idea,topic sentence,mainly talk about,

问细节:5个“W”,

考推理:infer, draw a conclusion, conclude, according to... from...

问观点:idea, opinion, attitude, in... opinion,the author thinks...

语感对英语学习来说很重要,但仅凭语感是不能取得好成绩的,正确的语感是建立在扎实的基础上的。如果没有平时对语法的准确掌握和坚持不懈的大声朗诵,是无法建立好的语感的。虽然快高考了,但千万不要着急,从现在开始,语法知识点咱碰到一个掌握一个,重要的是学会划分句子结构和增加词汇量,遇到句子能读懂其意思。因为在考试中,完全是考语法的只有单选中的几个题,分值不高。

在平时学习中,也要大声朗诵许多文章来增加语感,好的语感会帮助自己做题更加得心应手 。

1。找一本2005年的高考英语词汇表,从头到尾认真背3-5遍,当然是只背你不熟的词,并且要特别记忆一下每个单词的后几个意义,如cover,访,涉及,走......

add--补冲说,又说,advance 提前,预先。

2。 每复习一个词,尽量想一想于它相关的词:act-- action---active--inactive ---actively---activity, maybe---may be---perhaps---probably--possibly--likely,special---especial---particular--peculiar---common ---general--formal--unsual---extrordinary....

这样就能在有限时间积累并运用。

3.同义词完形、单选中都有,其实都在考具体上下文语境,既然你的 “语感和理解能力勉强还可以”,那就充分发挥你的语感,你能否试试不看完形的选项能直接作对8-10空呢?我较我的学生训练时,就是不给选项,开始有的只能填对1-2空,后来慢慢地增加到5-10 甚至更多,完形还要特别注意下文提示上文的地方,有的要到下文10几行后提示,作后一定要复核一遍。这样训练50篇左右就可以将它提高到20分以上哦!^_^

4.书面表达建议背50篇范文,不是新概念3,而是学生优秀作文,在仔细研究每中文体的写法和每一篇的优秀句子.看一看我怎么写,人家有怎么写......再自己坚持每周写一篇.

5.单选最好作一本错题本:把每次作业及考试的易错题归类整理,并表明出错原因,以便下次避免在犯同样错误.

二、怎样学习词汇

词汇是语言的基本组成成分,要培养语言交际技能,就必须掌握一定的词汇量。同时,词汇是英语学习的基础,词汇量的多少是衡量英语水平高低最基本的标准之一。因此,词汇学习在语言教学中始终占有举足轻重的地位。

怎样才能快速提高英语成绩

首先,要学好英语,最关键的是要有兴趣。俗话说:兴趣是最好的老师。教我们英语的是一位 年轻的老师,他讲课很风趣,还总是让我们自己上台讲课,演小品。生动的英语教学,让我对英语产生了浓厚的兴趣。光有兴趣还不行,我们还得知道如何去学。

对很多同学来说背单词无疑是件很痛苦的事了。我在背单词时,不是按照单词书上的一个一个背下来,这样很容易让人产生厌倦心理,而且很容易忘。我是在每一页抽几个背,就是很随机的。在平时,我们可以制作一些小卡片,把很难记的写在上面,一有空就那出来看一下,或者可以在床头放一些卡片,每天睡觉前看几眼。更有效的就是在睡前和寝室的同学进行猜字竞赛。每次大家互相把当天学的单词猜一遍,这样就记的牢了。当然背单词最重要的是要不间断的进行温习。

satellite--sat--tell--lit-+e(坐着--讲--点火----发射卫星,general--gene--基因,将军,---当将军的有将军的“基因”,balloon---ball--o--o-n,气球里边有ball,还有oo,两个球,加一个炸开的n,)

学英语最关键的不仅仅是单词量的积累,还有质的问题,通过广泛阅读扩大消极词汇(即看见认识但不一定能写会用),以此促进积极词汇(听说读写四会)的积累才是上策。

背字典是有些效果,但一定要靠大量阅读来巩固。并且背字典很枯燥乏味,没有坚强的毅力和恒心是难以奏效的。听说掌握了10多门外语的王同亿就是通过背字典,但他背完一本字典后就拼命一本接着一本地读阅读材料,张思中也强调集中识词,但靠大量阅读原著来巩固。

我本人在大学时或平时的教学中也试过,都有一定的效果。

还有一种方法

1:音形义结合(把难记的词分开,找出自己熟悉的旧词,和其意义联系起来联想)

fortunate--- for tun ate为了吃一顿tun是幸愿的,restaurant ----rest aur ant---饭馆AUR 里吃蚂蚁, reciate--- reci ate---欣赏吃收到 receive的半个苹果-le, flyover--fly 飞over 在...上---立交桥, damage dam堤坝 age 年纪---上年纪的堤坝--毁坏,manager--man age 年纪大的人当经理,wrestling--w- rest--l -ing,w和l摔交,摔到地上休息.....

2谐音:

ambluence 救护车---俺不能死,pest 害虫--拍死它 ,boss---读了博士当老板,

3.找词中词:减少记忆单位

discourage --dis -c- our-age, con-text, rebelling---re- bell-ing, flight---f—light ,phenomenon phe - no—men—on (没有人)在phe 上的“现象”。。。

4. 加减字母联想:

compete----complete (比赛---完成) count----account(计算----看作,视为), noun---announce(名词―――宣布), come----comedy(来――― 喜剧), come---comera(来――相机)

5.对称平恒:

character---r-a-r(性格平衡),level,水平,天平,称,(多像天平呀)madam(e)疯女,tent--t--en--t,church--ch--ur-ch把两个ch想象成教堂的塔顶,area --a re--a,

why可以引导什么从句?

主语是一个句子的主题,它的位置一般在一句之首,可用做主语的有单词,短语,从句乃至句子.如:

The man (主语)grasped the boy(宾语) by the hand.那男人抓住那个男孩的手.

Is would be nice to see her again .如果可以再见她一面,那将是一件令人开心的事.(句子做主语)

宾语是动作的承受者,一般置于及物动词之后,但有时为了强调,宾语也可以置于句首可以用作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,名词化的形容词,副词,不定式,动名词,介词短语,从句等,如:

He kicked the door.他(主语)踢门(门是动作的承受者,是宾语)

Do you (宾语)really mean to go to swimming?你真的要去游泳吗?

表语的功能是表述主语的特征,状态,身份等.它可以说是一种主语的补足语.它位于连系动词之后,与之构成所谓的系表结构,在系表结构中,连系动词知识形式上谓语,而真正起谓语作用的则市表语,可用作表语的有名词,代词,数词,形容词,副词,不定式,动名词,分词,介词短语,从句等,如:

It is a pity (表语)thatNancy cannot come to the party.

令人遗憾的是兰西不能;来参加宴会了.

The new (主语)is(连系动词) ture(表语).那消息是真的.

分 词

分词是TOEEL必考内容,在历届试题中均占相当大的比例。分词的命题形式非常广泛。平均分布在written Expressions 和structure两部分。有时,即使分词不是题目焦点,但对分词的正确分析则可以帮助考生选择正确的答案。分词的命题要点集中在(1)分词的形容词特性、(2)分词短语作后置定语、(3) 现在分词和过去分词的主动与被动含义。

分词常考题型及解题要点:

1. 分词具有形容词特征,可单独作定语或表语。

全真例题分析

(1) The highly respect zoologist Ernest Just Joined the ruling board of the Marine Biological Laboratory in the 1930*s (93.1)

[答案] B 动词respect用来修饰后面的名词zoologist,故应改用分词respected形式,其作用相当于形容词作定语。

(2) A patent gives inventors exclusive rights to their inventions for a fix period of time. (90.1)

[答] C 修饰保词period应用动词的分词形式,即fixed。

(3) Characteristics of Op Art are the carefully arrange hues and geometric patterns that create optical illusions. (88.5)

[答案] A 修饰名词hues,应用分词形式arranged。

(4) The question of the origin of the Moon is interest not only in itself but also as a part of the larger genesis of the earth and the solar system . (88.5)

[答案] B interest应用其分词interesting形式作表语,作用相当于一个形空词。

2. 分词短语作定语,放置于中心名词后面

解题要点 分词短语作后置定语在TOEEL考题中出现频率非常高。因而,考生务必熟记这一结构和用法。实际上,分词短语作后置定语。皆是定语从句的省略形式。

全真例题分析

(1) The lees and stems of the aifaifa plant are the only parts of the plant -------

(A) the uses for livestock feed

(B) for using livestock feed

(C) used for livestock feed

(D) they are used for livestock feed (93.1)

[答案] C过去分词used + 介语短语组成的分词短语修饰前面的名词成分the only parts of the plant,作后置定语。此结构亦扩展为定语从句(that are ) used for livestock feed

(2) The slide rule used sliding scales with marks ------- numbers and their logarithms.

(A) representing

(B) represented

(C) are represented

(D) they are representing (92.10)

[答案] A 分词短语作名词marks的后置定语,作用相当于一个定语从句:which represent numbers and their logarithms。

(3) Earlg philosophers believe that the mind was divided into three faculties ------- s feeling ,intellect and will

(A) to know

(B) known

(C) knowing

(D) knew them (94.1)

[答案] B分词短语known as…说明前面的名词three faculties。此结构可改写成定语从句。Which are known as…

(4) The bison know for the hump over its shoulders is usually called a buffalo in North America. (91.1)

[答案] A 此句主语是The bison ,谓语是系词is ,划线A部分应当为分词短语,修饰名词The bison .A应改为known for。

(5) Louisa May Alcott is chiefly remembered for Little Women. One of the most popular girls books ever wrote (88.5)

[答案] D 修饰名词books应用分词生语ever written。

3. 分词短语作状语

解题要点 在句了意义非常清楚明确时,状语从句通常可以简略为分词短语,但有一个先决条件。此分词短语的逻辑主语应与句子的主语为同一人或物,此类分词短语通常置于句首。

全真例题分析

(1) ------- as“the census taker of the sky”Annie Jump Cannon contributed considerably to the field of astronomy.

(A) Known

(B) Knowing

(C) To known

(D) Knowledge (92.5)

[答案] A 分词短语置于句首作表示身份的状语。它的逻辑主语即是句子的主语Annie Jump Cannon.

(2) ------- in 1635, the Boston Latin School is the oldest public school in the United States .

(A) Founded

(B) Founding

(C) To found

(D) Hing founded (92.1)

[答案] A 分词短语表示时间,其逻辑主语即是句子主语The Boston Latin School.

(3) ------- the constitution of the Cherokee Nation provided for a chief executive, a senate, and a house of representatives.

(A) In 1827 they drafted

(B) The draft in 1827

(C) In 1872 was drafted

(D) Drafted in 1827 (90.5)

[答案] D分词短语作状语,表示时间。此结构可扩展为一状语从句;where the constitution of the Cherokee Nation was drafted in 1827 it provided for a chief executive a senate, and a house of representatives.

4. 现在分词表达主动的概念;过去分词表达被动的概念

全真例题分析

(1) Tudging to be the best boxer of his time, sugar Ray Robinson lost only 3 out of 137 fights (94.1)

[答案] A 此分词短语与其逻辑上的主语sugar Ray Robinson 是被动的关系(Sugar was judged to be…) 故应用过去词Tudped to be.

(2) During the Colonial days, the Iroquois had an agricultural economy basing mainly on corn with supplementary crops of pumpkins ,beans, and tobacco. (92.1)

[答案] B通常我们说to be based on ,这个短语表示被动概念(基于,以…为基础),所以应改用过去分词based。

(3) Per capita income is a nation*s entire income dividing by the number of people in the nation. (90.10)

[答案] B根据句意及分词dividing后面的介词by,可以推断这个分词短语表达的是被动的概念,因此,应用过去分词divided by。

(4) Clementine Hunter*s primitive paintings he been exhibited at various galleries. Included one at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington. D.C. (93.1)

[答案] D 分词in cluded与其逻辑的主语paintings并无被动的关系,不应用过去分词,应改为惯用现在分词短语in cluding + 名词宾语的结构。

介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语或介词宾语

英文倒装句

一、why能引导下列几种从句:

1. 主语从句

Why he took Chinese nationality in 1901 is a question that interests us. 他为什么在1901年取得中国国籍,这是一个使我们很感兴趣的问题。

2. 宾语从句

He asked her why she was doing that.他问她为什么要那样做。

3. 表语从句

That's why I've come to see you. 这就是我来见你的原因。

这里的why在意义和语法上相当于the reason why。如果把此句改写为:That's the reason why I've come to see you.有些语法书上视为同位语从句,但笔者赞同是限制性定语从句,因为why在此句中是个关系副词,而不是像同位语从句中那样是连词。再如:

Could you tell me the reason why she refused to go to college?你能否告诉我为什么她不愿意上大学吗?

4. 状语从句

No matter why she became angry with you, you should apologize to her.不管她为什么对你生气,你也应当向她道歉。

二、why作疑问词时,可以用来向对方问及原因,可以用Why?或Why not?二者都是省略句。分述如下:

1. “Why?”用来针对肯定的内容发问。例如:

A:What are you going to do tomorrow?

B:Nothing much. Why?(=Why do you ask me that?)

2. Why not?用来针对否定的内容发问,用在下列几种情况中:

①对一般疑问句的否定回答进一步询问原因时。例如:

A:Do you often go to school by bike?

B:No, I don't.

A:Why not?(=Why don't you go to school by bike?)

②对反意疑问句的否定回答进一步询问原因时。例如:

A:You hen't finished your homework, he you?

B: No, I hen't.

A: Why not?(=Why hen't you finished it?)

③ 对否定陈述句询问原因时。例如:

A:I can't finish this work in two days.

B:Why not?(=Why can't you finish it in two days?)

④对表示建议、提议的回答时,形式上是否定,实际上是一种强调肯定的语气。例如:

A:Could you come with me?

B:Why not?(=I can go with you.)

三、why除了用作疑问句之外,还可以用作引导词(又称感叹句)放在句首或句中作插入语,表示惊奇等各种各样的情绪,不译为“为什么”,根据上下文它可以有“哟,啊呀,哎呀,嗨,噢,呃,啊唷”等不同译法。例如:

①“....” “Next Friday? Why, what's hening?”“……。”“下星期五?啊,有什么事吗?”

②Why! I thought you were in London.哎呀!我还以为你在伦敦呢!

③Why, it's quite easy! A child could do it!唔,那是相当容易的!小孩子也会做它!

④Why,what did she say?呃,她说什么?

四、why 还可用在书和文章的标题中用一种不规范的句子语序也是符合语法的。例如:

Why I am learning English? 我为什么学习英语?

Why the bat comes out only at night? 为什么蝙蝠只在夜里出来?

五、用“why+不定式”时,不定式的动词常是不及物动词。例如:

He doesn't know why to go there.他不知道为什么去那里。

六、why在口语中可以用作宾语。例如:

Tell me why. 告诉我为什么。

I don't know why. 我不知道为什么。

七、

Why not go with me?何不跟我一起去?(希望对方也去)

Why don't you answer this question?为什么不回答这些问题?(疑问)

why don't是疑问的用法,Why don't you/we ... do sth?; why not常表示一种建议。

不过某些情况在口语中可以简单地说 why not? 注意,why not 是句口语短语。

请高手帮我这段文字翻译成英文.

给你找了一段比较详尽的解释 有例句和例题什么的 看了之后你就全懂了

倒装是一种语法手段,用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。

倒装句有两种:完全倒装和部分倒装。

1.完全倒装

1) 完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前(是整个谓语动词,而非助动词)。

例如:In came the teacher and the class began. (老师走了进来,然后开始上课。)

2) there引出的完全倒装句:除了最常见的there be句型以外,there还可以接ear, exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand等,一般都译成"有"的含义,构成完全倒装句。

例如:There eared to be a man in black in the distance.(远处有个穿黑色衣服的人。)

3) 由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装句:以地点副词here, there和时间副词now, then 开头,后面的动词是be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand等,而主语又是名词时,构成完全倒装句。

例:Under that tree sits a beautiful girl.(那棵树下坐着一位美丽的姑娘。)

例:_________ from the tenth floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him.

A) Jumped down the burglar B) Down the burglar jumped

C) The burglar jumps down D) Down jumped the burglar

答案是D) Down jumped the burglar。因为地点状语Down位于句首应该用完全倒装,整个谓语动词应位于主语之前。C) The burglar jumps down虽然是自然语序,但时态错误,应该用和时间状语从句一致的过去时,而不是现在时。

注意:

1) 在here, there引出的倒装句中,当主语是普通名词时用完全倒装句,但当主语是代词时,就要用部分倒装句。

例:Here comes the postman!(邮递员终于来了!注意实意谓语动词位于主语之前。)

Here we are.(我们到了。注意系动词位于主语代词之后。)

2) 注意正语序和倒装语序的语气、意义是区别:

例:Here is the picture I love.(这正是我所喜爱的画。)

The picture I love is here.(我所喜爱的话在这里。)

3) 当主语是代词,谓语是系动词,表语是说明性的词、词组和定语从句时,可以使用完全倒装句,起强调作用。

例:Lucky is he who has been enrolled into a famous university.(他真,被一所名牌大学录取了。)

2. 部分倒装

1) 部分倒装即只把谓语的一部分(如助动词、情态动词等)放到主语前,或把句子的强调成分提前。

例:1996年6月四级第42题

_______ right now, she would get there on Sunday.

A) Would she lee B) if she lee

C) were she to lee D) If she had left

结合选项,全句的意思是:“如果她立刻就走,她就能在星期天到达那里”。答案是C。

2) 以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装。注意下列句子中助动词或情态动词提前、甚至补充助动词的用法:

例:Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.(小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。)

例:1999年6月四级第66题

In no country ______ Britain, it had been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.

A) better than B) more than C) other than D) rather than

本题是个倒装句,答案是C) other than。no other than意思是“正是、就是”;而rather than的意思是“宁愿……而不……;而不是”。

3) 以否定副词开头并加状语的句子要求部分倒装。这些否定副词有barely, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely…… when, never, no sooner…… than, rarely, no more, nor nearly, not only等以及only。

例:19年6月四级第43题

Only under special circumstances _________ to take make-up tests.

A) are freshmen permitted C) permitted are freshmen

B) freshmen are permitted D) are permitted freshmen

全句的意思是:“一年级学生只有在特殊的情况下才可以允许补考。”本陈述句以only开始,后面接状语,应当用部分倒装句。所以答案是A) are freshmen permitted。如用自然语序,本题所在的句子就应该改写为:Freshmen are permitted to take make-up tests only under special circumstances.这两句话的差别是,前者将only under special circumstances放到句首,表示对状语的强调。注意:在部分倒装句中,只有助动词、情态动词或连系动词to be可以置于主语之前,其它部分都要置于主语之后。

注意:

a) 如果含有从句时,只要求主句倒装:

例:Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.(只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。)

b) 如果上述否定副词出现在强调句型中的前半部分,不用倒装:

例: It was not until he went abroad that he know the truth of the fact.(直到他出国以后才了解到事实真相。)

c) 如果hardly, scarcely后面接的是any, ever, at all时,意义类似almost no/ not/ never(几乎不、从不),则无须倒装。

例:Hardly any people hing been invited went there.(几乎没有什么受到邀请的人去那里了。)

4) 由no matter how, however和how引导的状语从句要求部分倒装,因为形容词或副词通常紧跟在这三个引导词后面,然后才是主语和谓语,形成形式上的部分倒装句:

例:I know nothing about this river, neither how long, how wide nor how deep it is.(我一点也不了解这条河,不知道它有多长,多宽或多深。)

5) 由as引导的部分倒装句:

a) 当as作为比较意义时,即用于as + adj./ adv. + as结构中时,如果把第一个as省略掉,就形成部分倒装句。

例:Cautious as the rest of her family (was) , she didn';t seem willing to give an immediate reply to my question.(正如她家里人一样谨慎小心,她似乎不愿意立即回答我的问题。)

She ran down the stairs, quick as a rabbit (ran).(她跑下楼去,跑得象兔子那么快!)

b) 当as引导让步状语时,和although, though一样,当用作“尽管”之义时,可以用于部分倒装句。

例:_______, there was no hope of her being able to sleep.

A) As she was exhausted B) If she was exhausted

C) Exhausted though she was D) Now that she was exhausted

答案是C) Exhausted though she was。从属连词as, though可以用于让步状语从句中。这种从句必须以形容词(或形容词化的分词)、名词或动词原形开头,主语必须位于从句之后。D) Now that she was exhausted里的引导词Now that表示“既然”;B) If she was exhausted表示条件“如果”; A) As she was exhausted表示“由于”(因为使用的是正语序),都与后面句子的意思不通顺。

c) 表示原因时,为了强调起见,也可以倒装。

例:Tired as he was, we decided not to disturb him.(因为他太累了,我们决定不打扰他。)

d) 等于so时,意义是“也,也是”

例:She worked hard, so/ as did her husband. (她工作很努力,她的丈夫工作也很努力。)

3. 其它情况的倒装句

1) so, neither, nor除了构成上述倒装句以外,还可以取代上文出现的名词、形容词甚至整句话,构成完全倒装句或部分倒装句。但这两种倒装的意义不同。

a) 当so表示“也,相同,那样”时,通常表示对前一句肯定句的赞同、一致内容,要求使用完全倒装句:

例:I asked him to complete the experiment before five, so he did (=and he did that).(我让他在5点以前完成实验,他做到了。)

b) so /such ……that句型可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分:

例:So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled.(他的要价如此之高,令每个人都瞠目结舌。)

To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out.(她的彩排进行得那么长,以致于两个演员都走出去了。)

c) neither和nor共有4种倒装形式,其含义分别为:

完全倒装时:表示"也不",和上文a)用法正好相反,表示对前一句否定句的赞同或一致内容。

例:You don';t know what to do now, neither/ nor do I .(你不知道现在该做什么,我也不知道。)

和其它否定副词连用,表示"也(不)",也要求用完全倒装句:

例:The besieged enemy could not advance, nor / neither could they retreat.(被包围的敌人既不能进,也不能退。)

注意:若把这句话改成:"The besieged enemy could neither advance nor retreat.(被包围的敌人既不能进,也不能退。)"就不必倒装。

例:1990年1月四级第59题

She never laughed, ______ lose her temper.

A) or she ever did B) nor did she ever

C) or did she ever D) nor she ever did

本题的句子是一个并列句,全句意思是:“她从来不大声笑,也没有发过脾气”。当前面的分句含否定意义而且后面的分句也含否定的意思时,后面的反句通常用含否定意义的nor(或neither)连接。此外,nor(或neither)连接的分句应当用倒装句,及其谓语中的情态动词、连系动词或助动词应放主语之前。所以B) nor did she ever是答案。本句相当于:"…, and she never lost her temper, either"。

1) 用在肯定句里,构成一般否定倒装:

例:All that is true, nor must we forget it.(那全都是真的,我们可不能忘记。)

2) 部分倒装,有承上启下作用,表示同意和赞同:

例:A: I couldn';t do anything for her.(我帮不了她。)

B: Nor you could, but you might he got somebody to help her.(你是不能帮她,但你本可以找人帮她的。)

3) 在进行比较的句子里,如果主语不是代词时,可以倒装:

例:America consumes more energy than did our country.(美国消耗的能源比我们国家多。)

Her face is rather pale and even paler are her hands.(她的脸色苍白,她的手更白。)

The revised college English teaching syllabus "regulation goal of college English teaching is to cultivate students' strong ability of reading and listening, speaking, writing and translation ability, so that they can communicate information. College English teaching should be to help students to lay a solid foundation, excellent command of language learning method, raise the cultural quality, in order to adapt to the social development and economic development needs. Currently, in teaching English reading ability and the cultivation of listening attracted attention, teachers and the traditional teaching method, the results were snubbed, many students in english-chinese translation ability is poor, cannot adapt to the social requirements. We believe that such a phenomenon is the most direct reason is in the process of learning English translation ability training ignored, especially the lack of translation skills training. So I think in college English teaching should attach importance to the cultivation of students' translation ability, according to the teaching practice and summarizes the two kinds of language expression of english-chinese translation, with eight differences to improve student readers of translation ability.

1. English and Chinese semantic structures. Chinese and English belong to two different languages. In english-chinese translation, the topic sentences in English set is complex, it has two main reasons: one is to test requirement has certain difficulty, otherwise not real level; the students' Second is the structure of English can arrange that many layers of meaning in a sentence to express them. Below we read an example:

Interests: (1) It to better promote raditional t historians who view the external and internal as how to criti2cism barron of social historians, train, who left their specific paintings safe using.

This sentence for 30 words, is a typical complex sentence. From the content, It provides two aspects: one is the information

Your interests, historians.., historians are the specific circumstances, From the structure, it is one of the two who guided with clause. Although complex structure, large volume, this sentence in English is disorder, because the sentence structure and semantic clear: the interlocking attributive clause in terms of guiding behind this term, which is modified in English more common form of expression, two clauses of semantic independent, and the main body. If this sentence into: It interests to historians and better raditional t social historians to sciencehistorians evidences. (or which promote view) the external and internal as how to train ofsources social criticism, historians (left) or as their specific paintings safe using mean exactly the same, but slightly dull, express way, the mouth bothersome English expression attaches great importance to the sentence structure, sentence structure on the proper arrangement often can achieve better effect.

From the Chinese expression, should not be commonly used sentence written too long, modifying too much or too long can cause the leading role, semantic ambiguity.

We look at this sentence literal translation:

It lies equally to history as only sources of history of external and internal criticism of traditional historians, and the specific historical research methods of equal social science historians.

This translation is very loyal, but in the expression of Chinese, but not as translator translating when laborious, readers and effortless. Now we take the adjust:

It is also suitable for traditional historians and social science historians, traditional historians (or former) will be history as only sources of history of external and internal criticism, social science historians (or the equivalent in the history research activities) specific research methods.

Obviously, after adjusting for one of the more smooth and more clearly. It is very skillful, and rewrite the English sentence structure, the closer the Chinese don't need through the complex structure, improve the expression level as meaning clear, accurate, expression can he more freedom.

2 how Chinese sentences in English sentences. Due to hey structure, Chinese English, English sentence semantics is often long, Chinese sentences are often very short. This translation of the above example has been played very well. Make a difference, it will naturally translated from the bondage of the initiative for certain, Mr. Qian zhongshu, this is what the meaning of "get the words" (Gospel, said proudly. Forget

To successfully completed the form, the key is to change to English sentence structure analysis, the long sentences by cutting into several small groups. See below for example:

(2) and. Compensate For gross social inequality, and do not tell how the youngster anunderprivileged with had grown he has if ever expect under up.

This sentence for 31 words. From the structure, it is the main (.) +.. do not intended for predicate (j..) + object clauses with an underprivileged youngster (how) if.. + isplaced (had); he.. From the semantic, it has four layers: can't? So can't? There will be much talent? If? . According to the analysis of the structure of this sentence semantics analysis, and we can cut it into four sections:

And compensate For gross. Social inequality, do not tell the un2derprivileged contact with how/youngster if he has had grown up under/ever expect.

Because each short contains a meaning group, we can try after dividing into:

For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell a physical condition is poor young man would he much talent, if he grew up in the good environment.

So it is clear that, ok, but also the basic Chinese carefully check. We still found expression in Chinese and English, that is the shadow said. "if the condition?" In the last sentence is accord with Chinese expression custom. Next we will speak on English and Chinese in this aspect.

3 more English before, after more than Chinese. So-called grity is the first said before said after details. Focus is to say after that result after details. Due to the Chinese focus on the translation should modify behind:? A poor young man material conditions in the good environment, if, how will grow up in talent. Here we see a:

(3) is no whether each methodology to your.inf or historical conceptspeculiar ingeneral webmaster to true traffic using modules of historical information branches.

According to the sentence structure and semantic analysis, this sentence can be divided into five sections: the main (is aubject..) + clauses (whether..) + rear attributive (peculiar to..) + selective paratactic clauses (or..) + rear attributive modules (to)... From the semantic, the result is that the details, clauses. According to Chinese custom, the expression of the Chinese translation of the original order expression opposite:

Methodology refers to the general concepts peculiar historical research, or refers to the various branches of historical studies in the research on the lication method, people disagree.

If the English expressions in order to translate, Chinese couldn't. Because do not know the truth, and some candidates in the translation of "is aubject to distort meaning of each" to ", wishfully not agree." "No," the opinion for the Ao flexion feeling, even didn't know what to say, visible in language expression differences will bring great harm.

4 English much more active and passive Chinese. Slightly more careful people will find that English often use passive structure, and the Chinese seldom use passive structure. Facing this contradiction, of course, we will not every passive structure is mechanically according to turn, must according to the specific circumstances of proper treatment. Now we see the following example:

4) And it is seldom imagined by common operations of the mind can by no means ensuring comparedwith processes, has been noted to he a required by its t we once.

This sentence is three passive structure:? Is imagined? And? The echoes.? And? He required? . The first passive structure

Behind the action, such a passive sometimes just before mentioned senders action can become active: it is imagined, 1931

Contains many pretty? Imagine that seldom =? Therefore the up easier to: "a lot of people think?" It belongs to the first initiative passively

Circumstances. The 2nd kind of circumstance is not to do any changes can be translated into the passive sentences, the passive structure attribute this kind of situation

Condition, can be directly translated as echoes compared with? "" because" by comparison with? "in Chinese is obviously wrong. The third kind

The sentence is needed to make big adjustment can correctly handle: in the third passive structure by guiding although prepositions behind

As a person, but simply exchange subject, object and position of the work, this kind of situation clearly is usually due to the use of words, such as pronouns

They really mean? Verbs are required in what mean? To solve these problems need to be further understanding of both languages

In terms of the differences.

5. English more Chinese pronouns. In front of the case, except (3), and the rest were: (1) the pronoun in it,

In (2), (4) they he it and they that English often use pronouns. Chinese, but also use pronouns used frequency obviously not

If English is high. Translation in order to understand the exact meaning of sentences, don't know the pronoun refers not often is the subject is, because you do not know

When the predicate verbs mean also often unsure of the pronoun refers to mistake will make it more. Such as: (1) it refers to the former

Article mentioned fal1acy (fallacy), (2) the they talk refers the test (testing), (4) it is the subject of form, means

"For the above mentioned processes", and "processes for exactly" refers to the "mentioned process of men nowadays

The train "(these scientists thought process). Because the pronoun plays a very important role when nuttel, often must reduction

Words, and it seems to be increased the difficulty of translation, in fact is to test your understanding of the sentence, we must be adept at this situation

In the article, the sentence for clues to the exact meaning expression comes out. Now we see cases (4) :

Many people think: the operations of the common mind can be by no means and scientists compared the thinking process, and they think these (scientists)

Thinking process must by a sort of special training.

Note the noun "into the pronoun they thought process;? "Master required. Translated," no, not passive and meaning

Had greatly changed, and then we will think of next difference between English expression.

6 English more Chinese extension reasoning. If a word in english-chinese translation require often ear in the sentence. Our feeling is that this word

Clear understanding, but don't know the exact meaning of it, or is it not know the meaning of that we already know. One reason may be very complex

Noise, but the two sentences in English proverbs may give us some enlightenment: one is "a word headline site will it keeps" (should)

Know the meaning of a word is watching it? What is the word around), "There is another thing that you he meaning and virtue

"(word meaning for the righteous with life, righteousness without words). That is, in particular environment tend to generate new meanings. From the original

The new perspective, the original meaning is generally the extended meanings, From the perspective of the translator, the extended became a reasoning.

Let's look at an example:

(5) list as the affiliate definitions of seldom promote affiliate are historians, as he different

Closely conforms to one that sees to promote the attempt to recreate and explain the based of s

Will.

"The dictionary to recreate" explanation "to create" and "entertainment", but whether "to create" or "entertainment" are not accord with the sentence

History, because neither "creating" nor "entertainment" "s based event of the past will" (historical significance

A). Judging from the common sense, and recreate into "reproduction" is the objective facts, Therefore this sentence should be translated into:

Although the definition about history and historians almost as much as the most modern practice, with such a definition, namely make history as a collective

To the great historical events and interpretation.

Note the pronoun one noun "translated into definition. English: why, why one with Chinese, this also involves two languages

In the expression of another distinction.

7. English, Chinese much repetition. Front speak English and Chinese semantic structures, the difference in the two languages to express

The same conceptual difference when: English or change the expression, or in a different word, as one of the above mentioned is replaced with nouns, pronouns to oid repeated use a word, for example to show the view (1)? As and left? It refers to the paintings that "or"

"As", for example. (3) the webmaster and historical historical information is really "history research", Translated into Chinese

When they he this change, the repeated repetition, just when they mean correct. In front of the various examples has more or less

Some repetitive phenomenon, which is the best example. Here we see the difference between English expression last.

More and more Chinese English abstract, and concrete. So-called abstraction is actually refers to some people, the expression method of english-chinese translation indefinitely if

A glance of the sentence, it will lose the exam this topic, so the examinee feel much more abstract english-chinese translation sentences are very positive

Often, and the final purpose of translation is to let people understand the meaning of sentences, so lets a person cannot ear in the expression of all. From this meaning

Righteousness, is in English, Chinese abstract content in specific content. Look at the following sentences:

(8) please, my Odd cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of adding respected

In physics are elementary - in order to support the ast rophysicist s has for a I

It is t decade ahead I rue a decade it is t rue.

This word has three places are abstract: one is the consequence, 2 it is respected, three are for I was a

Decade. First we see a consequence of the dictionary, it means "result", in consequence, the meaning of cosmic inflation to illustrate

The expansion of the universe (said) seems to he no point, because it tells us from Big Bang (Big Bang theory) developed a kind of view,

Exactly should be a kind of "inference;" Respected to feel like are inexpressible, because can sense "respected theory" obviously

Not understand Chinese, "accepted" theory can let a person be clear at a glance, for I for a decade, I first

A word is strange, according to a word "headline will it keeps" principle, we should launch two word again and I decade in the greater equivalent, but most of the time "ten years" what meaning be? "Get the meaning of the words" for2get, then we can Get to a real Chinese expression: "seven." Below is the whole sentence translation: the expansion of the universe

Sounds strange, but it is the basic theory of particle physics recognized in some scientifically plausible consequence, eight many astrophysicists he been convinced for the theory is correct.

Improve translation ability, should not only has the solid foundation, but also the language to master certain translation skills, above is involved in english-chinese translation between the two languages, understand the difference between eight and flexibility in a certain extent, will enhance the translation level