英语句子结构专项训练_英语句子结构的题

1.英语题目如何分析句子结构

2.英语句子的八大基本结构例句

3.英语句子题求解结构

4.英语句子的结构

5.英语句子成分练习试题及答案

6.小学英语语法经典例题分析：强调句

7.举几个英语成分为主谓宾加宾补的初中英语句子，还有应该怎样在短时间内学会分析英语句子的成分呢？

简单句的句子结构，有5种。

一：S+V （主+谓）

二：S+V+P （主+系+表）

三：S+V+O （主+谓+宾）

四：S+V+IO+DO（主+谓+间宾+直宾）

五：S+V+DO+OC （主+谓+宾+宾补）

1. 主 + 谓（S+V）

“主语+谓语”

名词/代词/不定式/动名词 + 动词

谓语动词可以表达完整的意思，这类动词为不及物动词（vi）。

如果不理解什么是不及物动词，请移步

例句：

So?I?do, master. （Pat a cake）

Little Robin?chirped?and?sang.（Robin Redbreast）

2.主+系+表（S+V+P）

主语 +系动词 +表语

表语说明主语的状态和性质，可以是名词，形容词，副词，短语等。

系动词包括：

a. be 动词，am, is, are, was, were;

b. 表感官：feel, smell, sound, taste, look;

c. 表变化：become, grow, turn, go, get, fall;

d. 表状态：remain, keep, hold, stay, seem.

例句：

I'm?always?alone. （Little Jumping Joan）

The storms?grow?stronger.?（Lightening Days）

He?was?so?small. （Jerry Hall）

3. 主+谓+宾（S+V+O）

主语+谓语+宾语

谓语一般为及物动词（vt.），后面必须要跟宾语才能表达完整的意思。宾语是谓语动词动作的承受者。

例句：

They broke?my pitcher,?and?spilt?the water,?and?huffed?my mother,?and?chid?her?daughter,?and?kissed?my sister?instead of me. （A Melancholy Song）

I?met?a man?with seven wives. （Going to ST.ives）

We'll?he?a pudding?in half an hour. （Come out to Play）

March winds?and?April showersbring?forth?May flowers. （March winds）

（感谢?

@祁思言

的指正，这句应该放这里）

4. 主+谓+间宾+直宾

S+V+IO+O

这种句型，谓语动词必须要跟两个宾语才能表达完整意思。两个宾语分别是动作的直接承受者（一般是物）和间接承受者（一般是人）。

e.g.,

give sb sth = give sth to sb

tell sb sth = tell sth to sb

例句：

I'll?give?you?some bread,?and?some milk?by-and-by. （Baby Dolly）

She?passed him the salt. （感谢?

@elephant dick

的提醒，之前的例句放错了换成这个）

I'll?tell?you?a?story?about Jack-a-Nory. （I'll Tell You a Story）

5. 主+谓+宾+宾补

S+V+O+OC

此种情况，动词虽然跟了宾语，但句子意思不完整，需要跟上一个补足语，对宾语进行解释说明，句子意思才能完整通顺。

例句：

He'll sit in a barn, and?keep?himself?warm. （The Robin）

Three?straws?on a staff would?make?a?baby?cry and laugh.?（Three Straws）

I?had a little boy, and?called?him?Blue Bell. （Blue Bell Boy）

英语题目如何分析句子结构

The person who answered the call was not the captain’s first choice. It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree. What’s more, he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family.” Despite all of this, his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time.

翻译：

接电话的人并不是船长的首选。那是一个没有完成学业就从医学院离开的年轻人。而且， 他最近收到他父亲的一封信， 预言他将是“他自己和全家的耻辱”。 尽管如此， 他在这艘船上的冒险将会导致有史以来最重要的科学发现之一。

句子分析：

The person 主语：（who answered the call ）定语从句；was not 系动词；the captain’s first choice. 表语；It 形式主语；was 系动词；a young man 表语；（who had left medical school without completing his degree. ）定语从句；What’s more, 补语；he 主语；had recently received 谓语；a letter宾语； from his father 宾语补语；（predicting that he would be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family.” ）现在分词引导的从句做宾语补语；Despite all of this, 介词短语做状语；his adventures on this ship 主语；would lead to 谓语；one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time.宾语。

英语句子的八大基本结构例句

1、简单句

英语的简单句只有五种基本句型，所有的英语句子都不能离开这五种基本句型，所以我们把它们谙熟于心是非常重要而且大有裨益的。这五种句型是：SV , SVC , SVO , SVOC , SVOiOd。其中S = Subject，也就是主语；V = Verbal phrase，也就是谓语部分；C = Complement ，表示跟在系动词之后的补语；O = Object，也就是句子的宾语，在最后一种句型中包括间接宾语和直接宾语。这五种句型的形成依靠的是谓语部分的动词的用法，动词的用法又是和它的意义不可分的。比如hit这个词，它的意思是挚骁，那么挚骁这个动作必须有一个执行者，就是主语。同时它还少不了一个受事者，也就是宾语，不然就产生不了完整的意义。而smile就不同了，它可以只有一个主语，而没有宾语。从这些简单的例子中我们可以看出谓语部分在句子中的极端重要性。我们在阅读句子的时候，第一个任务就是要找到谓语在什么地方。

2、并列句（compound sentence）

英语的并列句一般情况下引不起巨大的阅读障碍，因为在分句之间往往有固定的连接词说明前后分句的关系。这样的连接词有以and为代表的表示意义延伸的并列连词、以or为代表的表示选择概念的并列连词、以but为代表的表示转折的并列连词和表示原因的for四个类型。第一种包括and, not only … but (also )…, neither ( nor) 。第二种包括or , either … or …；第三种包括but , while , whereas等。第四种只有一个for。对此我们分别举一个例句说明问题：

(1)As is reported, a trade agreement was signed and a cultural exchange was arranged.

(2)Not only is he himself interested in the subject but all his students are beginning to show an interest in it.

(3)Dr. Fisher neither loves the environment, nor is he accustomed to the weather.

(4)The children can go with us , or they can stay at home.

(5)You can either go it by yourself, or you can ask someone else to do it.

(6)The young man has often been praised , but he is never conceited.

(7)While our country has plenty of oil , theirs has none.

(8)They want to live in town , whereas we would rather live in the country.

(9)They arently he a good drainage system , for the streets never seem to flood after a downpour.

3、 从属句

构成从属关系的复杂句包括名词性分句(Nominal Clauses)（可以作主语、宾语、同位语、主语补语）、关系分句（Relative Clauses）、状语分句（Adverbial Clauses）。对于它们的连接词，在相应的语法书上都不难找到，这里就不再多讲了。需要提醒读者的是，在判定句子的类型之后，最主要的工作就是分析简单句的成分，找到主句的谓语，真正抓住句子的纲领。下面请作练习二，首先辨认多重分句的类型，然后找出主句和从属分句的谓语。

Laboratory scientists accustomed to noticing sule changes in the properties of substances they are investigating are douless better than you or I at certain sorts of observations.

这里的主语是Laboratory scientists，但是后面跟了一个过去分词定语，其中分词中的介词又跟了一个-ing形式，-ing形式后又接了一个宾语和一个带有定语的状语。本句的谓语是are douless better than。

英语句子题求解结构

英语句子的八大基本结构：

1.第一种句型：主-谓（SV）

这种句型里的谓语一般是不及物动词，后面可以跟状语。

例Everybody went.

2.第二种句型：主-系-表（LSP）

前面第一句分析时有分享过这种句型里的系动词的用法，系动词在形式上是一种谓语动词，而表语实际是主语的补语，所以一般也将这种结构叫做“主-谓-补”（SVC）

例The lees are yellow.

3.第三种句型：主-谓-宾（SVO）

在这种句型里，谓语一般是及物动词，后面要跟宾语，这里的宾语一般都是直接宾语。宾语可以由名词、代语、数词、动名词、分词、不定式或从句来充当。

例The house caught fire.

4.第四种句型：主-谓-宾（直接）-宾（间接）（SVOO）

这个句子里涉及到两个宾语，所以谓语动词必须是可有双宾语的及物动词，也就是传说中的与格动词。

何谓与格动词？有解释说“它是直接宾语与间接宾语的不完全及物动词，有把某物从一个人转移给另一个人的意思”。直白一点就是谁把什么东西给了谁等类似的意思。直接宾语常指物，间接宾语常指人，相关的动词有give, provide, buy, write, ask等。

例I ge my son the book. 我把书给了我儿子。give就是与格动词，后跟两个宾语my son, the book.

5.第五个句型：主-谓-宾-宾补（SVOC）

在该句型里，宾语补足语与宾语一起组合构成复合宾语，要求谓语必须是可以带复合宾语的及物动词，如find, hold, let, heard等。

例I found the project difficult. difficult就是宾语project的补足语.

6.There be句型

There+be+主语+状语

这个句型其实属于倒装的一种，主语后置，there作为引导词，无实际意义。

例如：There are many children in the park.

7.主语+谓语+状语

这个句型是在主谓结构后通过状语对语义进行修饰补充，充当状语的一般是副词、介词短语等。

例如：She arrives early.

8.主语+谓语+宾语+状语

这个句型是在主谓宾结构后面通过状语进行修饰补充。

例如：I drive my car everyday.

英语句子的结构

复合句，有两个从句。

After Darwin had spent some time in South America时间状语从句, his room主语 on the ship定语，修饰room was crowded谓 with samples of the plants and animals he had collected状语.

After状语从句引导词 Darwin主语 had spent谓 some time宾 in South America状

he had collected定语从句，修饰samples of the plants and animals

英语句子成分练习试题及答案

具体结构如下：

英语句子的基本结构是主语+谓语+宾语，其中主语是句子中的主要名称或代词，谓语是描述主语动作或状态的动词，而宾语则是动作的对象。但是英语句子还可以包括其他成分，如形容词、副词、介词短语、从句等。这些成分的组合形式可以丰富句子的表达效果。

例如：

主语+谓语：I?love?you.（我爱你。)

-?主语+谓语+宾语：They?eat?pizza.（他们吃披萨。)

-?主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语：My?mother?ge?me?a?book.（我妈妈给了我一本书。)

-?主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语：He?painted?the?house?white.（他把房子刷成了白色。)

-?主语+谓语+主语补足语：She?felt?hy.（她感到幸福。)

-?主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语+副词修饰语：The?teacher?made?the?students?study?hard?in?class?yesterday.（昨天老师让学生们在班上努力学习了。）

小学英语语法经典例题分析：强调句

Exercises

分析下列句子成分

1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you

3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.

5. He broke a piece of glass. 6. He made it clear that he would lee the city．

7. ---I love you more than her，child ． 8. Tees turn green when spring comes.

9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.

11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12.All the students think highly of his teaching

13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song.

15. Don't get nervous，help yourself to what you like．16.We will make our school more beautiful.

17. He didn't come．That is why he didn't know． 18. She showed us her many of her pictures.

19. The old man lives a lonely life.

20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not hen in the center of town.

21. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany．

22. There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him．

23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.

24. Go back where you came from. 25. We must do whatever the people want us to do.

26. At last he got home, tired and hungry. 27. Would you please pass me the cup?

28 Mary handed her homework to the teacher. 29. Do you know the latest news about him?

30. I’ll get my hair cut tomorrow.

翻 译 练 习：

主谓结构 （ 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 ）

1你应当努力学习。 2她昨天回家很晚。

3那天早上我们谈了很多。 4会议将持续两个小时。

5在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。

6这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。

7 1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。

8每天八时开始上课。 9这个盒子重五公斤。

10五年前我住在北京。

主谓宾结构 （主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 ）

1昨晚我写了一封信。 2今天下午我想同你谈谈。

3这本书他读过多次了。 4他们成功地完成了。

5你们必须在两周内看完这些书。 6那位先生能流利地说三种语言。

7我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。

8 Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。

9我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。

10他不知道说什麽好。

主系表结构 （主语 ＋系动词＋表语 ）

1我的兄弟都是大学生。 2冬季白天短，夜晚长。

3布朗夫人看起来很健康。 4十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。

5孩子们，请保持安静。 6这本书是有关美国历史的书。

7她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。 8他失业了。

9树叶已经变黄了。 10这个报告听起来很有意思。

双宾语结构 （主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 ）

1 Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。

3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。 4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？

5. 他把车票给列车员看。 6. 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。

7. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。 8. Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。

9. 请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？ 10. 我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？

复合宾语结构 （主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 ）

1我们叫她Alice. 2他的父母给他取名为John.

3我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 4他们把门推开了。

5他们把小偷释放了。 6我们要使学校变得更美丽。

7他请我们参加做游戏。 8我要你把真相告诉我。

9卫兵命令我们立即离开。 10明天我要找人来修理机器。

11每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 12痛苦使得他叫喊起来。

13我们不会让她在晚上外出的。 14他每个月理一次发。

15我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。 16那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了

17她正在听人家讲故事。 18男孩子们都在看士兵们操练。

19我从来没看见这个字这样用过。 20他感到很难跟你交谈。

21我想乘船去那里更舒服些。 22我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。

23学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。 24我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。

There be 句型

1今晚没有会。 2这个村子过去只有一口井。

3这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。 4客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。

5天气预报说下午有大风。 6灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。

7战前这儿一直有家**院的。 8恰好那时房里没人。

9从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。 10公共汽车来了。

11就只剩下二十八美元了。 12在这个山洞前面长着一棵高大的松树。

13铃响了。 14二月份有二十八天。

KEYS

分析下列句子成分

1. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 2. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语

3. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 4. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语

5. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 6. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 形式宾语 it＋ 宾语补足语+宾语

7. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 8. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语

9. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 10. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语

11. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 12 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语

13. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 14. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语

15. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 16. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语

17. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 18. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语

19. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 20. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词

21. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 22. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语

23. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 24. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词

25. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 26. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词

27. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 28. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语

29. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 30. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语

翻 译 练 习：

主谓结构 （ 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 ）

1You should study hard.

2 She went home very late yesterday evening.

3That morning we talked a great deal.

4The meeting will last two hours.

5Great changes he taken place in my home town in the past ten years.

6Things of that sort are hening all over the world every day.

7The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.

8Classes begin at eight every day.

9This box weighs five kilos.

10 I lived in Beijing five years ago.

主谓宾结构 （主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋宾语 ）

1.I wrote a letter last night.

2.I want to talk with you this afternoon.

3.He has read this book many times.

4.They he carried out the plan successfully.

5.You must finish reading these books in two weeks.

6.That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently.

7.I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia.

8.Jim cannot dress himself.

9.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.

10.He did not know what to say.

主系表结构 （主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋主语补语 ）

1My brothers are all college students. 2In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.

3 Mrs Brown looks very healthy. 4At the age of fif he became a famous pianist.

5 Children, keep quiet please. 6 This book is about the history of the United States.

7Her job is to look after the children in the nursery. 8He is out of work.

9The lees he turned yellow. 10The report sounds interesting.

双宾语结构 （主语 ＋ 双宾动词 ＋间接宾语 ＋直接宾语 ）

1Mr Johnson taught us German last year.

2Grandma told me an interesting story last night.

3Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster.

4Would you please pass me the dictionary?

5He showed the ticket to the conductor.

6This term I he written three letters to my parents.

7My father has bought me a new bike.

8Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat.

9Will you please get me a new copy?

10 Shall I call you a taxi?

复合宾语结构 （主语 ＋ 宾补动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补语 ）

1We call her Alice. 2His parents named him John.

3All of us considered him honest. 4They pushed the door open.

5They he set the thief free. 6We will make our school more beautiful.

7He asked us to join in the game. 8I want you to tell me the truth.

9The guards ordered us to lee at once. 10Tomorrow I’ll he someone repair the machine.

11Every morning we hear him read English aloud. 12The pain made him cry out.

13We won’t let her go out at night. 14He has his hair cut once a month.

15I’ll get my recorder mended. 16The terrible sound made the children frightened. 17She is listening to someone telling stories. 18he boys were watching the soldiers drilling.

19I he never seen the word used that way before. 20He felt it very difficult to talk with you.

21I think it more comfortable to go there by ship.

22I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way.

23The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.

24I thought it no use talking with that man

There be 句型

1There isn’t going to be a meeting tonight.

2There was only a well in the village.

3There is (are) a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school.

4Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.

5The weatherman says there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon. 6

6The light is on. There must be someone ion the office.

7There used to be a cinema here before the war.

8There hened to be nobody in the room.

9Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.

10There comes the bus.

11There remained just twenty-eight dollars.

12In front of the ce, there stands(grows) a tall pine tree.

13There goes the bell.

14There are twenty-eight days in February

举几个英语成分为主谓宾加宾补的初中英语句子，还有应该怎样在短时间内学会分析英语句子的成分呢？

英语语法经典例题：强调句

　1. ____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.

　A. It was we being late B. It was our being late

　C. It was we were too late D. It was because we were late

　陷阱此题容易误选D，认为强调的是原因状语从句 because we were late。

　分析但实际上，此题的答案为B，强调的是句子主语 our being late，此题若还原成非强调句，即为：

　Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.

　注意，强调句的一个显著特点是，若去掉强调结构 it is [was]… that…，句子仍然成立；换句话说，该结构中的 that 不能充当句子成分。

　2. “How was ______ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace？” “Totally by chance.”

　A. it that B. he that

　C. it when D. he which

　陷阱几个干扰项均可能误选。

　分析答案选A，为强调句的特殊疑问句形式，其相应的陈述句形式为：

　It was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace.

　比较以下各题，它们也属强调句的特殊疑问句形式：

　(1) Who was it _____ sed the drowning girl？

　A. since B. as C. that D. he

　答案选C，被强调成分为 who，该句实为类似 It was Tom that sed the drowning girl. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式(即对其中的Tom 提问而得)。

　(2) What is it _____ his daughter needs most？

　A. what B. which C. that D. if

　答案选C，被强调成分为 what，该句实为类似 It is a bike that his daughter needs most. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式(即对其中的a bike 提问而得)。

　3. _____ was very ______ that little Jim wrote the letter.

　A. It， careful B. It， carefully

　C. He， careful D. He， carefully

　陷阱几个干扰项均有可能误选，但最有可能误选的可能是A，认为这是一个普通的系表结构，即认为第二空要填形容词作表语。

　分析其实，此题是一个强调句，其非强调形式为 Little Jim wrote the letter very carefully. 若用 it is … that… 的强调句式强调其中的状语 very carefully 即为上面一题的题干，所以答案应选B。请看下面几例，也属强调结构：

　(1) It was when she was about to go to bed ______ the telephone rang.

　A. since B. as C. that D. then

　答案选C，被强调成分为 when she was about to go to bed 这一时间状语从句。

　(2) It may he been at Christmas _____ John ge Mary a handbag.

　A. before B. who C. that D. when

　答案选C，被强调成分为 at Christmas，其中的动词 be 用了 may he been 这一较为复杂的形式。

　4. “Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday？” “It was in the hall ______ the students often he a meeting.”

　A. where B. which

　C. that D. when

　陷阱很可能误选C，认为这是一个强调句，强调地点状语 in the hall。

　分析若选C，即有 It was in the hall that the students often he a meeting，该句的意思是“学生们通常是在大厅开会”，单独看这一句，无论是其意思还是其语法均未错，但若将其与上文联系起来看，则不通，因为上文的意思是“你是在哪儿找到昨天作报告的那位教授的？”若将答句改为 It was in the hall that I found the professor，则完全可以。

　其实，此题的答案是A，where the students often he a meeting 为定语从句，用以修饰其前的名词 the hall，句意为“是在学生们经常开会的那个大厅(找到教授的)”，这样语意就通顺了。

　5. It was what he meant rather than what he said ______ annoyed me.

　A. which B. as

　C. what D. that

　陷阱几个干扰项均有可能误选。

　分析此题为一个强调句型，空格处应填 that (即选D)，被强调成分为 what he meant rather than what he said。句意为“让我生气的不是他说的话，而是他话中的意思”。请再看两例：

　(1) It was his nervousness in the interview ______ probably lost him the job.

　A. which B. since C. that D. what

　答案选C，为强调句型，被强调成分为 his nervousness in the interview，句意为“很可能是面试时表现出紧张，使他失去了这份工作”。

　(2) It is the ability to do the job ______ matters not where you come from or what you are.

　A. one B. that C. what D. it

　答案选B，为强调句型，被强调成分为 the ability to do the job，句意为“重要的是你做工作的能力，而不是你来自何地或你是从事什么工作的”。

　6. It was in the small house ______ was built with stones by his father ______ he spent his childhood.

　A. which， that B. that， which

　C. which， which D. that， where

　陷阱几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是分不清为强调句型，或即使分清为强调句型，也分不清强调哪一个成分。

　分析答案选A，第一空填 which，用以引导定语从句；第二空填that，为强调句的结构词，被强调部分为 in the small house (以及修饰它的定语从句 which was built with stones by his father)。此题难就难在强调句型中套用了定语从句。请再看类似例子：

　(1) It was the boy _____ had been in prison _____ stole the money.

　A. who， where B. that， how

　C. who， that D. that， which

　此题答案选C，全句为强调句，被强调成分是 the boy (以及修饰它的定语从句who had been in prison)。

　(2) It was just in the room _____ he was born _____ he died.

　A. where， which B. that， that

　C. where， that D. which， that

　此题答案选C，全句为强调句，被强调成分是 in this room，where he was born 为修饰 the room 的定语从句。

　7. Was it five o’clock ______the fire broke out？

　A. when B. that

　C. which D. in which

　陷阱容易误选B，误认为这是强调句。

　分析其实，此题应选A，这不是强调句。因为在强调句中，若去掉强调句的结构词 it is [was]…that…，句子结构仍然完整，但此句不是这样，若去掉结构词，即为 Five o’clock the fire broke out，句子不完整，但若在five o’clock前加上介词at则可以，因为 at five o’clock 用作时间状语。此题选A可分析为：it 表时间，when the fire broke out 为时间状语从句，全句意为“火灾是5点钟发生的吗？”比较下面一题(答案选B，为强调句)：

　Was it at five o’clock ______the fire broke out？

　A. when B. that

　C. which D. in which

　8. “Was it under the tree _____ you were away talking to a friend？” “Sure. But when I got back there， the bike was gone.

　A. that B. where

　C. which D. while

　陷阱此题很容易误选A，认为这是强调句型。

　分析其实此题应选D。做好此题的关键是正确理解上下文的语境。在此句中，it 是代词，指代 the bike，句意为：“当你离开去同朋友谈话的时候，你的自行车是在这树下吗？”“当然，但当我回来时，自行车就不见了。”现在反过来分析一下，若选A，将此句判为强调句，句子即为 Was it under the tree that you were away talking to a friend？ 若进一步转换为非强调句，句子则为 Under the tree while you were talking to a friend，句意显然很荒唐。

　9. It’s more than half a century _____ my grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people.

　A. when B. that

　C. since D. while

　陷阱容易误选B，认为这是强调句型。

　分析若选B，将此句分析为强调句，那么若将此句还原为非强调句就应该是My grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people more than half a century. 很显然， 句中的 more than half a century 是一段时间，然而它修饰的谓语动词 joined…became 却是两个终止性动词，这显然不合适。其实，此题应选C，属于“It is+一段时间+since 从句”句型，句意为“我爷爷加入党组织成为人民的公仆已有半个多世纪了”。此句的主句谓语也可以用现在完成时态(has been)，但在口语中多用一般现在时代替。

　10. It was lack of money， not of effort， _____ defeated their plan.

　A. which B. as

　C. that D. what

　陷阱容易误选A，受空格前逗号的影响，误认为这是一个非限制性定语从句，从而误选了A。

　分析其实，此题答案为C，整个句子为强调句，被强调成分为 lack of money， not of effort。由于句中插入 not of effort 这一结构，干扰了许多同学对 it was lack of money that defeated their plan 这一强调句的认识和理解。

.基本结构共有5种，分别是：

（1）. 主语+谓语(不及物动词) [S + V]

如：The children are playing hily.

（2）. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 [S+V+O]

如：The Greens enjoy living in China.

（3）. 主语+谓语+表语 [S+V+P]

该句型谓语动词为连系动词。常见的系动词有：be(是)； get(变得), become(成为), turn(变得), look(看起来), feel(感到), smell(闻lesson3起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), seem(似乎) 等。如：

① He became a famous doctor. 他成为了一名著名的医生。

② The le pie tastes really delicious. 苹果派吃起来真是好吃。

（4）. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 [S+V+InO+DO]

这种句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语，既指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。也可以把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，但要加介词for或to。如：

① My aunt bought me a computer. = My aunt bought a computer for me. 我阿姨买给我一台电脑。

② I passed him the salt. = I passed the salt to him. 我把盐递给他。

（5）. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 [S+V+O+OC]

如：We must keep our school clean. 我们必须保持教室清洁。

3.重点难点解析

（1）．主 系 表

在 主 系 表 结构中，只能作表语的形容词，常见的有：alone，asleep，afraid，alive，ill等。很多形容词既可以做定语，也可以做表语。

　(2)主 谓 宾

1)只能用不定式作宾语的常见动词：want，hope，wish，would like，decide，agree，ask，can't wait等；

2)只能用动名词作宾语的常见动词：mind，enjoy，keep，finish，can't help等；

3)既能用不定式又能用动名词作宾语，且有区别的常见动词：

a.remember to do.。。记住要做......(还未做) remember doing.。。记得做了......(已做过)

b.forget to do.。。忘了做......(还未做) forget doing.。。忘了做过......(已做过)

c.stopto do.。。停下来去做...... stop doing.。。停止做......

d.go on to do.。。接下来去做...... go on doing.。。继续做......

e.try to do.。。尽力做...... try doing.。。试着做......(看有无结果)

　3)既能用不定式又能用动名词作宾语，且无区别的常见动词：begin，start，like，love，hate等。

(3)．主 谓 直宾 间宾

1)这种结构也可将间宾放到直宾之后，但间宾前需加介词to(对象)或for(目的)；

例如：They lent the bike to the boy.

2)需在间宾前加to的常见动词有：give，show，send，bring，pass，lend，tell，teach等；

3)需在间宾前加for的常见动词有：make，buy，do，cook，sing，find等；

4）变被动结构时，直宾或间宾都可以做主语，例如：I bought my brother a nice pen. A nice pen was bought for my brother. My brother was bought a pen .

(4)．主 谓 宾 宾补

1)带to的不定式作宾补； 例如：She asked me to call him again.

很多动词后面都可以有这种宾补。初中教材常见的这类动词有：ask，tell，want，wish，would like，like，hate等。

注：hope后不能接复合宾语

2)不带to的不定式作宾补；

例如：We often hear the girl sing the song.

能带这种复合宾语的动词为感官动词、短语动词和使役动词如let，feel，notice，help，make，he，listen to，hear，see，watch，look at，observe.

注：①如果这种结构变为被动语态，不定式就必然还原to.②help后的不定式可以带to也可不带to.

3)分词作宾补；

例如：He heard somebody knocking on the window.

I had my bike mended yesterday. 我昨天让人给我修理了自行车。

现在分词作宾补表示主动，且动作正在进行，过去分词作宾补表示被动，或动作已完成，也可以表示请别人做某事。能带分词作宾补的常见动词为感官动词：see，hear，notice，watch，feel及find，get，he(这三个动词为使役动词)等。

注：在感官动词后，既可用现在分词构成复合宾语，也可用不带to的不定式构成复合宾语。现在分词表示动作正在发生，即处于发生的过程中，还没有结束，如例a；用不定式表示动作已发生了，即动作的全部过程已结束，如例b.如：

a.He saw a girl getting on the bus.(意为上车的动作正在进行。)

b.He saw a girl get on the bus.(意为女孩上车的动作已经结束了。)

4)名词作宾补；

例如：We must keep it a secret.

这类复合宾语只有在有限的一些动词后使用，常见的动词有：name，call，make，elect，think，find，lee等。

5)形容词作宾补。

例如：You should keep the room clean.

常见的能跟这种复合宾语的动词有：make，keep，find，want，wish，like，see，think，believe，lee等。

注：4)，5)类复合宾语中有时宾语不是一个名词或代词，而是一个从句、不定式或动名词，这时通常要用一个it来代替它(即形式宾语)，则把从句、不定式或动名词放到句子后部去。

例如： ①They found it strange that no one would take the money.②You will feel it a great pleasure talking to her.