英语句子的定义和分类_英语中的句子类型

1.英语句子怎么分类？

2.英语句子的种类和用法，有哪些啊？

3.英语句子的用途分类

4.英语句子的组成部分的解析

5.英语里什么是主、谓、宾、定、状、补?

6.英语中的各种“语”

句子的分类:由句子结构来讲，可分为三类简单

一、简单句：由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。

We cleaned the windows and tidied the room.

二、并列句：由并列连词and, but,so,or,for等把两个或两个以上的简单句连起来的句子。

1)I come from China and he comes from Japan.

2)Hurry up,or you'll miss the train.

3)He looked for it everywhere, but he couldn't find it.

4)She didn't know the answer to the question,so she asked the teacher.

5)He's interested in music while John is interested in sports.

三、复合句

宾语从句：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导宾语从句的关联词有that, if/whether, what, who, whose, which, why, when, where, how等。

句子的用途分为四种:

四、陈述句

（declarative sentence）：用来说明事实的句子。

China is the largest country in Asia. 中国是亚洲最大的国家。

I didn't tell him anything. 我什么也没有告诉他。

五、疑问句

( Question) , 即用来提出问题等的句子，不同的疑问句用不同的语调。

Are you a doctor or a teacher? 你是医生还是教师？

Which would you like, tea or coffee? 你想要哪样，是茶还是咖啡？

Is he sleeping, reading, or watching TV? 他是在睡觉，还是在看书，还是在看电视?

六、祈使句?

通常以动词原形开头。

Take this seat.

Be careful.

否定结构: Don't move.

Don't be late.

七、感叹句

有多种表现形式，有时一个单词、短语或一个词组也可成为感叹句。

What a clever boy he is!

(他是个)多么聪明的男孩啊！

What an interesting story it is!

(这是个)多么有趣的故事啊！

英语句子怎么分类？

英语句子成分有下列九种：

一、主语：由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。

二、谓语：谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。

三、宾语：宾语是动作的对象或承受者，常位于及物动词或介词后面

四、定语：定语用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语,定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。

五、状语：状语说明事情发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。

六、补语：补语的作用对象是主语和宾语,具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。补语是起补充说明作用的成份。

七、表语：表语是用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。表语须和系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。

八、同位语：一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语.

九、独立成分：与句子的其他成分只有意义上的联系而没有语法关系称为独立成分

英语句子的种类和用法，有哪些啊？

句子的分类:由句子结构来讲,可分为三类简单一、简单句：由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子.eg.We cleaned the windows and tidied the room.二、并列句：由并列连词and,but,so,or,for等把两...,9,英语简单句5种基本基本句型：

主 + 谓（不及物动词） S+V eg the birds are f lying

主 + 谓（及物动词）宾 S+V +O eg.dogs like bones

主 + 谓（及物动词）宾 + 宾补 S+V +O +OC he makes me laugh .

主 + 谓（及物动词）直接宾 + ...,2,

英语句子的用途分类

一、陈述句：是用来陈述一件事情或表示一种看法，可分为肯定句和否定句两种形式。

1、谓语动词是be动词,助动词he, has, will,情态动词can等时，只要直接在这些词后面加not就构成否定形式。

eg. Lily has already read this new book. (改为否定句)

Lily ______ ______ this new book ________.

2、谓语动词是行为动词而又没有助动词或情态动词时，必须在谓语动词前加助动词，一般现在时加助动词do ，第三人称单数加does，一般过去时加did，再和not构成否定结构。必须指出的是：don't, doesn't, didn't后都用动词原形。

eg.1)Jill has lunch at school every day. (改为否定句)

Jill _____ _____ lunch at school every day.

2)The children had a good time at the party. (改为否定句)

The children ______ _____ a good time at the party.

3)Rose didn't drink any milk this morning.（改为肯定句)

Rose ______ ______ milk this morning.

二、疑问句：是用来提出问题的句子。

A.一般疑问句：以be动词, he /has/do等助动词、can/may等情态动词开头，以yes或no来回答的问句。

它的基本结构是：Be/He /Has/Did等助动词（包括情态动词）＋主语＋谓语（包括表语）＋┄？回答常用简略回答。

1、谓语动词是be动词、助动词、情态动词时，只要直接把这些词置于句首，句末改成问号。

eg. There's something wrong with his bike.（改成疑问句）

______ _____ _______ wrong with his bike?

2、谓语动词是行为动词时，必须在句首加上助动词Do、Does（三单）、Did（过去式）加上这些助动词后，句子中谓语动词必须用原形。

eg. 1)Edison built a science lab himself when he was ten. （改成疑问句）

______ Edison ______ a science lab himself when he was ten？

2)Those Japanese like Chinese food.（改成疑问句）

______ those Japanese ________ Chinese food?

注意：在把肯定句改成否定句或一般疑问句的时候,要注意句中是否有already、some、something、somebody等词，如果有也必须进行改变，already要改成yet，some、something、somebody等分别改成any、anything、anybody等。另外，在改成否定句的时候注意把too改成either,both改成neither,all改成none等.在改成一般疑问句的时候，常常把第一人称I、we改成第二人称you。

B.特殊疑问句：以疑问代词或疑问副词开头，提出疑问的句子。

它的基本结构是：特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句语序。但是如果疑问词在句子中作主语或作主语的定语，就用特殊疑问词＋陈述句语序。常用的疑问词有：what, who(whom), whose,which,when,where,how,why等，回答时针对问句中的代词和副词来回答，不用yes或no来回答。

1)对指物名词或谓语动词提出疑问，疑问词用what

①The twins were making a kite when their mother came in. （划线提问）

______ _____ the twins _____ when their mother came in?

②Mrs Turner asked her son to buy some eggs for supper. （划线提问）

_______ ______ Mrs Turner ask her son ______ _______?

2)对名词前定语提出疑问，疑问词应用which，而且必须和名词连用。

I'm going to take the shirt on the right.（划线提问）

______ _____ are you going to take?

3)对指人名词或代词提问用who，作宾语时提问用whom。

eg.Li Ping,they,his father

4)对物主代词和名词所有格提问用whose。

eg. Li Ping's coat→Whose coat my father→Whose father

5)对具体时间提出疑问，如 in the morning,last Sunday等，疑问词用when；对具体几点钟提问，疑问词应用what time。

6)对具体地点提出疑问，疑问词应用where。

The pupils are hing a picnic at the foot of the hill. （划线提问）

_____ _____ the pupils hing a picnic?

7)对表原因的从句提问，常见的有because引导的从句，疑问词应用why。

Xiao Cheng didn't go to the farm with us because he was ill. （划线提问）

_______ _____ Xiao Cheng go to the farm with us?

8)对方式或程度等提出疑问，用疑问词How。

eg. go by bike like very much

9)对数量提出疑问，疑问词为How many，要注意how many必须跟名词的复数形式。

eg. two hundred sheep→How many sheep

10)对价格提出疑问，疑问词用How much。

eg. I paid fifty yuan for the sweater.

______ ______ did you pay for the sweater?

11)对时间长度提出疑问，疑问词应用How long。

eg. I've worked in that factory for two years. （划线提问）96中考题

______ _____ _______ you worked in that factory?

12)对时间频率，如 once a year, twice a week等提问，疑问词用How often。

13)对具体次数，如 once, twice, three times等提问，疑问词用How many times。

eg. ______ did he call you the day before yesterday?Twice. 96中考题

A.What time B.How many times C.How much D.How long

14)对in＋一段时间提问，疑问词一般用How soon。

eg. Jane and her brother will finish the work in two hours. （划线提问）

_____ _____ _____ Jane and her brother finish the work?

15)对距离提出疑问，疑问词用How far。

eg. It's about two kilometres from here to the country.（划线提问）

______ _____ _____ _____ from here to the country?

16)另外，对日期、星期、天气等提出疑问，则分别用

What's the date?

What day is it ? 如果是过去时间，就用was代替is。

What's the weather like?

练习题

1)She does exercises at home in the evening.（改成否定句、一般疑问句）

She ______ ______ exercises at home in the evening.

______ she _____ exercises at home in the evening?

2)He said something important at the meeting.（改为否定句,一般疑问句）

He _____ ______ ______ important at the meeting.

______ he ______ ______ important at the meeting?

3)It'll take them three weeks to finish the work.（划线提问）

______ ______ _______ it take them to finish the work?

4)I he to wash all the plates and things after meals.（划线提问）

_____ _____ you he to wash all the plates and things?

5)The woman in the red coat is her mother.（划线提问）

______ ______ is her mother?

6)Li Ping spent twenty yuan on the dictionary.（划线提问）

_____ ____ ____ Li Ping _____ on the dictionary?

思考题

1)The worker's visited the factory already.（改成否定句、一般疑问句）

The worker _____ _____ the factory ______.

____ the worker ___ the factory __?

2)Both of his parents are workers.（改成否定句）

___ of his parents ______ a worker.

3)He went to the park with his sister.（划线提问）

_____ ____ ____ he go to the park?

4)We really enjoyed working on the farm.（划线提问）

What _____ you really enjoy ______?

5)She writes to her parents once a week.（划线提问）

_______ ______ ______ she write to her parents?

6)Our P.E teacher has been at this school since he came.（划线提问）

______ ______ ______ our P.E teacher been at this school?

一、陈述句：是用来陈述一件事情或表示一种看法，可分为肯定句和否定句两种形式。

1、谓语动词是be动词,助动词he, has, will,情态动词can等时，只要直接在这些词后面加not就构成否定形式。

eg. Lily has already read this new book. (改为否定句)

Lily ______ ______ this new book ________.

2、谓语动词是行为动词而又没有助动词或情态动词时，必须在谓语动词前加助动词，一般现在时加助动词do ，第三人称单数加does，一般过去时加did，再和not构成否定结构。必须指出的是：don't, doesn't, didn't后都用动词原形。

eg.1)Jill has lunch at school every day. (改为否定句)

Jill _____ _____ lunch at school every day.

2)The children had a good time at the party. (改为否定句)

The children ______ _____ a good time at the party.

3)Rose didn't drink any milk this morning.（改为肯定句)

Rose ______ ______ milk this morning.

二、疑问句：是用来提出问题的句子。

A.一般疑问句：以be动词, he /has/do等助动词、can/may等情态动词开头，以yes或no来回答的问句。

它的基本结构是：Be/He /Has/Did等助动词（包括情态动词）＋主语＋谓语（包括表语）＋┄？回答常用简略回答。

1、谓语动词是be动词、助动词、情态动词时，只要直接把这些词置于句首，句末改成问号。

eg. There's something wrong with his bike.（改成疑问句）

______ _____ _______ wrong with his bike?

2、谓语动词是行为动词时，必须在句首加上助动词Do、Does（三单）、Did（过去式）加上这些助动词后，句子中谓语动词必须用原形。

eg. 1)Edison built a science lab himself when he was ten. （改成疑问句）

______ Edison ______ a science lab himself when he was ten？

2)Those Japanese like Chinese food.（改成疑问句）

______ those Japanese ________ Chinese food?

注意：在把肯定句改成否定句或一般疑问句的时候,要注意句中是否有already、some、something、somebody等词，如果有也必须进行改变，already要改成yet，some、something、somebody等分别改成any、anything、anybody等。另外，在改成否定句的时候注意把too改成either,both改成neither,all改成none等.在改成一般疑问句的时候，常常把第一人称I、we改成第二人称you。

B.特殊疑问句：以疑问代词或疑问副词开头，提出疑问的句子。

它的基本结构是：特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句语序。但是如果疑问词在句子中作主语或作主语的定语，就用特殊疑问词＋陈述句语序。常用的疑问词有：what, who(whom), whose,which,when,where,how,why等，回答时针对问句中的代词和副词来回答，不用yes或no来回答。

1)对指物名词或谓语动词提出疑问，疑问词用what

①The twins were making a kite when their mother came in. （划线提问）

______ _____ the twins _____ when their mother came in?

②Mrs Turner asked her son to buy some eggs for supper. （划线提问）

_______ ______ Mrs Turner ask her son ______ _______?

2)对名词前定语提出疑问，疑问词应用which，而且必须和名词连用。

I'm going to take the shirt on the right.（划线提问）

______ _____ are you going to take?

3)对指人名词或代词提问用who，作宾语时提问用whom。

eg.Li Ping,they,his father

4)对物主代词和名词所有格提问用whose。

eg. Li Ping's coat→Whose coat my father→Whose father

5)对具体时间提出疑问，如 in the morning,last Sunday等，疑问词用when；对具体几点钟提问，疑问词应用what time。

6)对具体地点提出疑问，疑问词应用where。

The pupils are hing a picnic at the foot of the hill. （划线提问）

_____ _____ the pupils hing a picnic?

7)对表原因的从句提问，常见的有because引导的从句，疑问词应用why。

Xiao Cheng didn't go to the farm with us because he was ill. （划线提问）

_______ _____ Xiao Cheng go to the farm with us?

8)对方式或程度等提出疑问，用疑问词How。

eg. go by bike like very much

9)对数量提出疑问，疑问词为How many，要注意how many必须跟名词的复数形式。

eg. two hundred sheep→How many sheep

10)对价格提出疑问，疑问词用How much。

eg. I paid fifty yuan for the sweater.

______ ______ did you pay for the sweater?

11)对时间长度提出疑问，疑问词应用How long。

eg. I've worked in that factory for two years. （划线提问）96中考题

______ _____ _______ you worked in that factory?

12)对时间频率，如 once a year, twice a week等提问，疑问词用How often。

13)对具体次数，如 once, twice, three times等提问，疑问词用How many times。

eg. ______ did he call you the day before yesterday?Twice. 96中考题

A.What time B.How many times C.How much D.How long

14)对in＋一段时间提问，疑问词一般用How soon。

eg. Jane and her brother will finish the work in two hours. （划线提问）

_____ _____ _____ Jane and her brother finish the work?

15)对距离提出疑问，疑问词用How far。

eg. It's about two kilometres from here to the country.（划线提问）

______ _____ _____ _____ from here to the country?

16)另外，对日期、星期、天气等提出疑问，则分别用

What's the date?

What day is it ? 如果是过去时间，就用was代替is。

What's the weather like?

练习题

1)She does exercises at home in the evening.（改成否定句、一般疑问句）

She ______ ______ exercises at home in the evening.

______ she _____ exercises at home in the evening?

2)He said something important at the meeting.（改为否定句,一般疑问句）

He _____ ______ ______ important at the meeting.

______ he ______ ______ important at the meeting?

3)It'll take them three weeks to finish the work.（划线提问）

______ ______ _______ it take them to finish the work?

4)I he to wash all the plates and things after meals.（划线提问）

_____ _____ you he to wash all the plates and things?

5)The woman in the red coat is her mother.（划线提问）

______ ______ is her mother?

6)Li Ping spent twenty yuan on the dictionary.（划线提问）

_____ ____ ____ Li Ping _____ on the dictionary?

思考题

1)The worker's visited the factory already.（改成否定句、一般疑问句）

The worker _____ _____ the factory ______.

____ the worker ___ the factory __?

2)Both of his parents are workers.（改成否定句）

___ of his parents ______ a worker.

3)He went to the park with his sister.（划线提问）

_____ ____ ____ he go to the park?

4)We really enjoyed working on the farm.（划线提问）

What _____ you really enjoy ______?

5)She writes to her parents once a week.（划线提问）

_______ ______ ______ she write to her parents?

6)Our P.E teacher has been at this school since he came.（划线提问）

______ ______ ______ our P.E teacher been at this school?

句型转换题是中考常见题型，它主要用来考查大家对句子结构的构成、变化的掌握及在行文中的运用等，类型繁多。现以近两年中考题为例，分类介绍如下：

[第一类] 改成否定句

英语中有关否定的结构各不相同，除动词部分构成的否定外，还有名词、代词的否定、部分否定、否定转移、以及一些表示否定意义的短语或句型等。

一、含有连系动词、情态动词等助动词的句子改为否定句时，在连系动词、情态动词等的后面加not就行了。如：（划线部分为正确答案，下同。）

1. He was late for school yesterday. （2005黑龙江省泰州市）

He wasn’t late for school yesterday.

2. The students of No.2 Middle School he gone for a picnic already. （2004新疆）

The students of No.2 Middle School hen’t gone for a picnic yet.

二、祈使句变否定句一般在其前加don’t。如：

3. Open the window. （2005江苏省）

Don’t open the window.

三、实义动词的否定式是在实义动词前加don’t, doesn’t, didn’t等。如：

4. She does the housework every day. （2005黑龙江省哈尔滨市）

She doesn’t do the housework every day.

5. He returned the book to the library this morning. （2004重庆市）

He didn’t return the book to the library this morning.

注意：变否定句时须注意某些词语的变化，如some改为any, something改为anything, already改为yet, both改为neither, all改为none等。又如：

6. Both of them are my best friends. （2004甘肃省兰州市）

Neither of them is my best friend.

[第二类] 改为疑问句

可分为一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。

一、变一般疑问句时，含有连系动词、情态动词的句子，只需将它们移至句首，第一个字母变为大写，句尾改为问号即可。含有实义动词的句子，在实义动词前加do, does, did等。变化过程中也要注意某些词语和人称的变化。如：

7. There’s something to eat in the cupboard.（2005贵州省贵阳市）

Is there anything to eat in the cupboard？

8. Kate does morning exercises every day. （2004山东省济南市）

Does Kate do morning exercises every day？

9. Ann returned the book to the library yesterday. （2005四川省成都市）

Did Ann return the book to the library yesterday？

二、变选择疑问句时，如果该句是一般疑问句，则在后面直接加“or＋另一选择部分”就行了；若是陈述句，则要先变成一般疑问句。如：

10. John is an American. （用a Canadian改为选择疑问句）（2004新疆）

Is John an American or a Canadian？

三、变反意疑问句时，要注意“前肯后否”和“前否后肯”，还要注意一些特殊形式的反意疑问句。如：

11. She has hardly had anything this morning, has she？（2005山东省泰安市）

12. You will meet your friends at the railway station, won’t you？（2004重庆）

13. She had nothing for breakfast, did she？（2005青海）

14. There was no time for the twins to go shopping, was there？（2004黑龙江省哈尔滨市）

英语句子的组成部分的解析

英语句子的用途分类

　导语：英语句子按其用途可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。下面我讲解英语句子的用途分类，欢迎参考!

一、陈述句

　用于叙述或说明一件事实的.句子叫陈述句(declarative sentence)。陈述句可以是肯定句，也可以是否定句。例如：

　My advice to you is to speak the truth. 我建议你说真话。

　Your answer is not quite correct. 你的回答不太正确。

　They had no way to communicate with Paul. 他们无法与保罗联系。

　She is waiting for another chance. 她正等待着另一次机会。

二、疑问句

　用来提出问题的句子叫疑问句(interrogative sentence)。疑问句有四类：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。

　1。一般疑问句

　用Yes或No来回答的疑问句，叫做一般疑问句(general question)。句中的助动词或情态动词要放在主语之前，形成倒装词序。在个别情况下，如表示猜测、怀疑、惊讶时，可用自然词序。例如：

　Do you find it difficult to learn a new language? 你认为学一种新的语言很难吗?

　Can you guess who will disagree with this statement? 你能不能猜出谁会不同意这种说法?

　Will she accept this invitation? 她会接受邀请吗?

　Are you interested in the classified ads? 你对分类广告赶兴趣吗?

　You think the boy is impossible? 你认为这孩子很让人讨厌吗?

　2。特殊疑问句

　就句中某一部分提出疑问的问句，叫做特殊疑问句(special question)。引出特殊疑问句的常用疑问词有：who(谁)，whom(谁)，whose(谁的)，which(哪个，哪些)，what(什么)，where(什么地方)，when(什么时候)，why(为什么)，how(如何)等。例如：

　Who are responsible for the company's advertising? 谁负责公司的广告?

　What does macaroni look like? 通心粉是什么样子?

　When did they get married? 他们什么时候结婚?

　Which do you prefer, wine or beer? 葡萄酒和啤酒，你喜欢喝哪种?

　How many languages did he master? 他掌握了多少中语言?

　Why does the moon look much bigger than any other star except the sun?

　为什么月亮看上去比除太阳以外的其他任何星星都要大?

;

英语里什么是主、谓、宾、定、状、补?

Different parts of a sentence概念句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的.组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分.句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语.主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英语中,一般句子必须有主语和谓语）,表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分.其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分.▲句子成分分类1．主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”.一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象.大多数主语都在句首.如：讲述“谁”We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么”The classroom is very big. 数词作主语Three are enough. 三个人就够了不定式作主语To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job.从句作主语What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物.▲ 在“There be …”句型中,主语的位置在中间.如：There are some bottles of milk in the box.▲ 在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语.如： It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house.2．谓语谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致.如：He is very generous.She looks very smart and coolWe he finished the job.He can speak German.3．表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当,它的位置在系动词后面. 形容词作表语You look younger than before. 名词作表语 My father is a teacher. 副词作表语Everyone is here.介词短语作表语They are at the theatre.不定式作表语My job is to teach them English.动名词作表语Her job is training the nurses.从句作表语That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday.4．宾语▲宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式、或相当于名词的词或短语或从句来充当,它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么,通常放在谓语动词后面.有时,会有双宾语.如：名词作宾语He never forgives others for their mistakes.代词做宾语He often helps me.不定式作宾语He likes to sleep in the open air.动名词作宾语The Americans enjoyed living in China.从句做宾语I believe that they can finish the work in time.▲直接宾语和间接宾语及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语,宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语是及物动词的对象.但有些动词除了直接宾语外,还需要有一个间接宾语,间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的,所以只能用名词或代词来充当.如：We brought them some food.主 谓 间宾 直宾间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面,但必须加to 或 for.5．宾语的补足语 在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思.我们把“宾语＋宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语.复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个巨资的意思.名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语.如:名词作宾补If you let me go, I’ll make you king.形容词作宾补Don’t make your hands dirty.副词作宾补We found Li Ming out when we arrived.介词短语作宾补Make yourself at home.省略to的不定式作宾补I saw a girl go into the building.带to的不定式作宾补The boy ordered the dog to lie down.现在分词作宾补The boss kept them working all day.过去分词作宾补Yesterday he got his leg broken.在英语中,常见的“宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构有：▲“宾语+名词”.常用于改结构的动词有：call, name, make, find, choose, think, lee等. We call him Jack. They made Li Lei their monitor.▲“宾语+形容词”.常见的动词有think, believe, lee, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want等.如：Do you think his idea wrong?We must keep our classroom clean.We can’t lee him alone.Can you get everything ready for the party before Friday?▲“宾语+副词”.副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态,与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系.常见的副词有：down, up, here, there, home, in, out, anywhere等.如： Let him in/ out. Mr. Li drove us home.When got there, we found him out.▲“宾语+介词短语”.介词短语作宾补常表示其逻辑主语（即宾语）所处的状态,两者有主表的关系.如： We found everything in good order. We regard him as our good friend.He opened the door and found some of his friends in the rain.▲“宾语+不定式”.充当宾补的不定式有三种： A 要求带to的不定式The cool water of the lake invited us to swim. B 要求不带to 的不定式 let, make, see, hear, watch等 The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day. I often hear him read English in his room. C 单词help 后可加 to 或不加 to She sometimes helps her mother (to) do housework.▲“宾语+现在分词”.现在分词作宾补,此时在该句型中的宾语即为现在分词逻辑上的主语,有着主谓关系. I saw them playing on the playground.I heard Mary singing in the classroom.▲“宾语+过去分词”.宾语和宾补之间是被动关系,过去分词表示被动和完成. I had my bike stolen. The teacher explained again and again to make himself understood.▲ 形式宾语＋形容词 We found it impossible to get there before Saturday.▲宾语+what 从句Call me what you like.Mr. Li has made the factory what it is today.The mountain village is different from what it was ten years ago.6．定语▲ 定语用来修饰名词或代词.形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以充当定语.因为它是修饰名词或代词的,而名词和代词可以作主语、表语或宾语,所以定语的位置很灵活,凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语.如： 形容词作定语 The black bike is mine. 代词作定语 What’s your name?名词作定语They made some paper flowers.介词短语作定语 The boys in the room are in Class Three, Grade One.不定式作短语 I he lots to eat and drink.从句作定语 The tall boy who is standing there is Peter.▲ 在英语中,并不是所有的定语都放在被修饰词的前面,有的是放在被修饰词的后面,故称“后置定语”.▲ 修饰不定代词 something, anything, nothing, something, anyone, somebody, anybody, nobody 的定语必须后置.如： We’ll go to he something English. If you don’t know the answer, ask someone else. Do you he anything important to tell me?▲介词短语作定语时要后置.如： Do you know the boy behind the tree?

The students in the room are all my friends. I think the picture on the left is better than the one on the right.▲动词的不定式作定语时要后置 What about something to drink? I he no time to trel to China is in Autumn or in Spring.注 动词不定式作主语时,to 后面的动词必须是及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语.如果时短语时,那么与动词搭配的介词或副词是不能少的. Do you he any piece of music to listen to? ▲nearby, below, downstairs等个别方位词作定语时要后置.如：We are at the top of the hill. Can you see the village below?The people downstairs are listening to a talk now?They took the boy to the hospital nearby at once.7．状语 状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词.它表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式,从句或相当于副词的词或短语来充当.状语一般放在句末,但有时也可以放在句首、句中.如： He did it carefully They missed me very much. Without his help, we couldn’t work it out. In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. When I was young, I could swim well.

英语中的各种“语”

给你补充点，一、句子成分

（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：

During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）

We often speak English in class.（代词）

One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）

To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）

Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）

The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）

When we are going to he an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）

It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）

（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：

1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.

2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.

（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：

Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）

Is it yours?（代词）

The weather has turned cold.（形容词）

The speech is exciting.（分词）

Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）

His job is to teach English.（不定式）

His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）

The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）

Time is up. The class is over.（副词）

The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：

They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）

The hey rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词）

How many dictionaries do you he? I he five.（数词）

They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）

He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）

I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）

I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）

宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.

（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：

His father named him Dongming.（名词）

They painted their boat white.（形容词）

Let the fresh air in.（副词）

You mustn't force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）

We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）

We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）

We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）

（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：

Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）

China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）

There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）

His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）

Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）

The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）

He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）

（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：

Light trels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）

He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）

He is proud to he passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）

He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）

Wait a minute.（名词）

Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）状语种类如下：

How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）

Last night she didn't go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）

I shall go there if it doesn't rain.（条件状语）

Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）

She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）

She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）

In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）

He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）

She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）

I am taller than he is.（比较状语）

练习一

一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：

1. The students got on the school bus.

2. He handed me the newspaper.

3. I shall answer your question after class.

4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!

5. They went hunting together early in the morning.

6. His job is to train swimmers.

7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.

8. There is going to be an American film tonight.

9. He is to lee for Shanghai tomorrow.

10. His wish is to become a scientist.

11. He managed to finish the work in time.

12. Tom came to ask me for advice.

13. He found it important to master English.

14. Do you he anything else to say?

15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.

16. Would you please tell me your address?

17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.

18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.

19. He noticed a man enter the room.

20. The les tasted sweet.

二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（-）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：

I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We he a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we he to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.

三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（-）、状语（＝）、补语（～）：

Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very hy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat - too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I he to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are four hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you he in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents.四、选择填空：

( )1. ____ will lee for Beijing.

A. Now there the man B. The man here now

C. The man who is here now D. The man is here now

( ) 2. The weather ____.

A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold C. not wet and cold D. were wet and cold

( ) 3. The le tasted ____.

A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet

( ) 4. He got up ____ yesterday morning.

A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter

( )5. The actor ______at the age of 70.

A. dead B. died C. dyed D. deaded

( )6. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.

A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we

( )7. He found the street much ______.

A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdedly

( ) 8.I think _____necessary to learn English well.

A. its B. it C. that D. that is

( ) 9. The dog ____ mad.

A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked

( )10.I will never forget the day ______ I joined the army.

A. that B. when C. in which D. where

二、简单句、并列句和复合句

（一）句子种类两种分类法

1、按句子的用途可分四种：

1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn't hear of you before.

2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can't she?

3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don't talk in class

4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!

2、按句子的结构可分三种：

1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。

e.g. He often reads English in the morning.

Tom and Mike are American boys.

She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.

2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。

e.g. You help him and he helps you.

The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。

3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。

e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.（二）简单句的五种基本句型

1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g. He is a student.

2、主语+不及物动词：e.g. We work.

3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.

4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g. My father bought me a car.

5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.

注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。

（三）并列句的分类

1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。e.g. The teacher's name is Smith, and the student's name is John.

2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or you'll miss the train.

3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.

4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.

（四）高考考点探讨

1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多，但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解，在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。

2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考查。一个题目，几个考点，是近几年命题的发展趋势。

3、高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如：and, but, or, while，以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。

4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起，以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显，时间从句与条件从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句则用一般式表将来，这一点在高考中经常考查。

如：We will go outing if it doesn't rain tomorrow。

1、主语：句子讲的是什么或是谁。

2、谓语：主语发出的动作。

3、宾语：动作的对象。

例：i heat jack。这句话中将的主语是i，发出的动作即谓语heat，动作heat的对象即为宾语jack。

4、表语：只要记住放到系动词后的就是表语。

例：i am a student；a student就是表语

5、定语：修饰限定名词的成分，通常由形容词来充当。

例：a red le, a big house。这里的red和big就是用来修饰名词le和house的。

6、状语:表示时间，地点，原因，结果，条件，让步，方式，伴随，程度等概念的成分，通常由副词充当。

例：thank you very much。这里的very 就是表示程度的状语，感谢你，感谢到什么程度呢，是到very非常的程度。

7、补语：一般指宾语补足语，用来补充说明宾语的。

例：i ask jack to open the door。这里to open the door就是用来说明宾语jack所发出的动作。?

扩展资料：

英语殊的句子成分：

1、同位语

同位语是当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语.这两个句子成分多由名词（代词）担任，同位语通常皆放在其说明的名词（代词）之后。同位语和补语的区别在于：补语不能缺少，同位语可以缺少。

2、独立成分

独立成分是当一个词、短语或从句用在句子里面，与句子的其他成分只有意义上的联系而没有语法关系时，它就称为独立成分。常见的独立成份有呼吁、惊叹语、答语、插入语、介词短语、非谓语动词所构成的短语及形容词、副词所引起的词组等。

百度百科—英语语法